Net shape manufacturing and the performance of polymer composites under dynamic loads

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the influence of postmold trimming and resultant edge quality on the performance of fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) under dynamic loads. Graphite/epoxy and graphite/bismaleimide laminates were machined using three state-of-the-art industrial techniques and subjected to three-point bend impact to failure. The load load-line displacement records were used to obtain the load, bend deflection and energy absorbed to fracture. High-speed photography was also employed to identify the initiation and progression of failure and record the time dependent fracture process. From a comparison of edge quality and subsequent material performance for both polymeric composites, it was found that the impact response of FRPs is highly process dependent. In general, the load and energy absorbed to fracture decreases with increasing surface roughness. Reductions in the load and energy to the onset of fracture with degrading surface quality were as high as 20 percent. The dynamic response was also found to be dependent on the constituents, stacking sequence and impact velocity.     

Evolution of the Shape of the Anode Boundary under Electrochemical Dimensional Machining of Metals

This paper presents a method for calculating the anode boundary under unsteady conditions of electrochemical dimensional machining of metals. The plane quasistationary problem of determining the shape of the anode boundary for various machining times is considered.     

Investigation of stresses in he orthogonal cutting of fiber-reinforced plastics

A photoelastic study was conducted to examine the stress fields in the cutting process of fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs). Force measurements were made and used in the analysis of the stress fields. Machined surfaces of workpieces with fibers oriented away from the cutting direction showed that the fibers were machined by shearing and tensile fracture; and when fibers were inclined towards the cutting tool, the fibers failed by shearing and bending. In addition, fiber-matrix debonding was observed to be maximum for fibers oriented at 45 deg towards the tool's path. Fiber orientation was shown to have an influence on the machining forces and stresses.Paper was presented at the 1994 SEM Spring Conference held in Baltimore, MD on June 6–9.     

高速切削锯齿形切屑内绝热剪切带微观特征研究

使用光学显微镜、显微硬度计、X射线衍射、SEM、TEM等方法对高速切削30CrNi3MoV高强度钢锯齿形切屑中第一和第二变形区内形成绝热剪切带和白层进行了观察和研究。结果表明,形成了两种形式的绝热剪切带,即低速下形成的形变带和高速下形成的转变带。转变带内的硬度高于形变带和切屑基体。X射线衍射表明白层内发生了马氏体相变。TEM观察发现,形变带内为经历了大塑性变形的回火马氏体组织。转变带是由尺寸为50～100 nm的等轴晶组成,绝热剪切带形成过程中发生了动态再结晶。     

平面摇摆式抛光去除模型研究

为了完善平面摇摆式抛光的理论并指导加工,基于Preston方程建立了平面摇摆式加工的去除模型,并使用该模型在Matlab中仿真计算元件上各点在不同加工参数情况下的去除量,最终得到不同加工参数情况下所产生的不同去除形貌。通过控制不同参数在430mm×430mm平面石英元件上进行抛光实验,验证去除模型的正确性,对比相同参数下仿真得到的去除形貌和加工后检测得到的面形图可知该去除模型能够正确预测不同加工参数时的去除量,从而证实了该模型能够准确、有效地指导摇摆式抛光。     

数控加工刀具运动的优化控制

数控加工的精准性与高速性主要体现在加工路径的插补与加工过程中刀具的速度控制.首先针对数控加工过程中常见的折线轨迹进行分析,提出了折线加工转角处的速度平滑过渡方案,保证加工精度的同时提高加工效率.进一步,得出了转角处的最大加工速度与加工误差关系.针对圆弧类曲线插补问题,在折线模型的基础上拓展了内接和外切两种插补方案.计算结果表明,采用折线平滑过渡时,外切插补方案可以保证更高的精度.     

Subsurface defect evolution and crystal-structure transformation of single-crystal copper in nanoscale combined machining

ABSTRACT

In the paper, molecular dynamics simulation is applied to study the evolution and distribution of subsurface defects during nanoscale machining process of single-crystal copper. The chip-removal mechanism and the machined-surface-generative mechanism are examined through analysis of the dislocation evolution and atomic migration of the workpieces. The findings show that under different stresses and temperatures, the difference of the binding energy leads to a zoned phenomenon in the chip. Owing to elastic deformation, some of the dislocations could be recovered and form surface steps; moreover, the work hardening of the workpiece can be achieved on account of generation of twin boundaries, Lomer-Cottrell dislocations, and stacking fault tetrahedra (SFT) by plastic deformation. A process of evolution of an immobile dislocation group containing stair-rod dislocations into SFT is discovered, which is different from the traditional Silcox-Hirsch mechanism. Furthermore, a growth oscillation phenomenon, which corresponding stacking fault planes growth and retraction during the formation of the stable SFT, is discussed.     

纳米α-Al2O3磨料抛光单晶硅片光滑表面的形成机理

"将纳米α-Al2O3粉体配制成抛光液并冷冻成冰结抛光垫对单晶硅片进行了抛光,用原子力显微镜观察了抛光表面的微观形貌并测量了其表面粗糙度,采用透射电镜观察了单晶硅片抛光后的断面形貌．为进一步分析抛光过程中的化学作用机理,采用X射线光电子能谱分析了单晶硅片抛光后表面的化学成分．利用纳米压痕仪的划痕附件对单晶硅片进行了划痕测试,研究了抛光过程中的机械作用机理．结果表明纳米α-Al2O3磨料冰冻抛光单晶硅片时,在1 mm￡1 mm的范围内得到了微观表面粗糙度为0.367 nm的超光滑表面,亚表面没有任何损伤,材     

面向并行设计的局部特征识别技术研究

为支持在并行设计过程中设计特征模型到加工特征模型的逐步转换，提出了局部特征识别的方法．在并行设计中，设计特征模型和加工特征模型通过面名历史图共享零件的实体模型，设计特征的变动通过局部特征识别自动地转换为相应的加工特征．局部特征识别是由基于最小条件子图特征识别方法改进来的，它以零件的局部区域为识别对象，通过搜索匹配局部区域构成的边界模式，识别出该局部区域中所包含的加工特征．局部特征识别方法的特点是只对设计中发生变动的区域进行识别．     

高精度干涉仪针孔空间滤波器研制

应用于高重复频率、高功率193 nm准分子激光器会聚光路中的针孔空间滤波器,除了需要考虑它的材料加工难易、厚度、针孔尺寸等因素外,还需考虑材料抗激光损伤特性。本文利用激光损伤理论中一维热流模型对无限厚和有限厚不同金属样品在高峰值功率193 nm 准分子激光器照射下的损伤阈值进行了分析。结果表明：铝材料在厚度为1.2μm处比其它金属的损伤阈值高,可达1.16×1010 W/cm2,且材料易于加工。利用聚焦离子束技术加工了航空铝材料样品,得到了厚度为1.2和1.5μm的针孔空间滤波器样品。扫描电镜观察其具有较好圆度和内壁粗糙度,基本满足剪切干涉仪对针孔空间滤波器的需求。