The logarithmic norm. History and modern theory

In his 1958 thesis Stability and Error Bounds, Germund Dahlquist introduced the logarithmic norm in order to derive error bounds in initial value problems, using differential inequalities that distinguished between forward and reverse time integration. Originally defined for matrices, the logarithmic norm can be extended to bounded linear operators, but the extensions to nonlinear maps and unbounded operators have required a functional analytic redefinition of the concept.This compact survey is intended as an elementary, but broad and largely self-contained, introduction to the versatile and powerful modern theory. Its wealth of applications range from the stability theory of IVPs and BVPs, to the solvability of algebraic, nonlinear, operator, and functional equations. In memory of Germund Dahlquist (1925–2005).AMS subject classification (2000) 65L05     

QK乘子代数上的Corona定理和Wolff定理

本文给出对数K-Carleson测度的一个新特征,并以此为工具研究Q_K空间的乘子代数M(Q_K),给出乘子代数M(Q_K)的某些特征描述.利用对数K-Carleson测度及Q_K空间的一个新特征,建立乘子代数M(Q_K)上的Corona定理和Wolff定理.     

On Logarithmic Smoothing of the Maximum Function

We consider the maximum function f resulting from a finite number of smooth functions. The logarithmic barrier function of the epigraph of f gives rise to a smooth approximation g of f itself, where >0 denotes the approximation parameter. The one-parametric family g converges – relative to a compact subset – uniformly to the function f as tends to zero. Under nondegeneracy assumptions we show that the stationary points of g and f correspond to each other, and that their respective Morse indices coincide. The latter correspondence is obtained by establishing smooth curves x() of stationary points for g , where each x() converges to the corresponding stationary point of f as tends to zero. In case of a strongly unique local minimizer, we show that the nondegeneracy assumption may be relaxed in order to obtain a smooth curve x().     

Lemniscates and inequalities for the logarithmic capacities of continua

It is shown that if P(z) = z ⁿ + ? is a polynomial with connected lemniscate E(P) = {z: ¦P(z)¦ ≤ 1} and m critical points, then, for any n? m+1 points on the lemniscate E(P), there exists a continuum γ ? E(P) of logarithmic capacity cap γ ≤ 2^?1/n which contains these points and all zeros and critical points of the polynomial. As corollaries, estimates for continua of minimum capacity containing given points are obtained.     

Finitely convergent cutting planes for concave minimization

In 1964 Tuy introduced a new type of cutting plane, the concavity cut, in the context of concave minimization. These cutting planes, which are also known as convexity cuts, intersection cuts and Tuy cuts, have found application in several algorithms, e.g., branch and bound algorithm, conical algorithm and cutting plane algorithm, and also in algorithms for other optimization problems, e.g., reverse convex programming, bilinear programming and Lipschitzian optimization. Up to now, however, it has not been possible to either prove or disprove the finite convergence of a pure cutting plane algorithm for concave minimization based solely on these cutting planes. In the present paper a modification of the concavity cut is proposed that yields deeper cutting planes and ensures the finite convergence of a pure cutting plane algorithm based on these cuts.     

Logarithmic Sobolev trace inequality

A logarithmic Sobolev trace inequality is derived. Bounds on the best constant for this inequality from above and below are investigated using the sharp Sobolev inequality and the sharp logarithmic Sobolev inequality.

     

Direct approach to quantum extensions of Fisher information

By manipulating classical Fisher information and employing various derivatives of density operators, and using entirely intuitive and direct methods, we introduce two families of quantum extensions of Fisher information that include those defined via the symmetric logarithmic derivative, via the right logarithmic derivative, via the Bogoliubov-Kubo-Mori derivative, as well as via the derivative in terms of commutators, as special cases. Some fundamental properties of these quantum extensions of Fisher information are investigated, a multi-parameter quantum Cramér-Rao inequality is established, and applications to characterizing quantum uncertainty are illustrated.      

一类二阶三点边值问题单调正解的存在性

利用范数形式的锥上不动点定理,研究了一类二阶微分方程三点边值问题单调正解的存在性．分别给出了齐次和非齐次边界条件下的三点边值问题单调正解存在的充分条件,确定了解曲线的凹凸性,并且给出了一个应用实例．     

最佳的潜艇搜索模型

对直线式逃跑的潜艇被捕获的必然性进行了证明,并为驱逐舰给出了一个最佳的搜索模型.     

A sharp inequality for the logarithmic coefficients of univalent functions

We prove the sharp inequality

for the logarithmic coefficients of a normalized univalent function in the unit disk.