聚谷氨酸接枝聚乙二醇@碳酸钙遮蔽体系用于提高聚乙烯亚胺基因转染效率

设计并合成了聚谷氨酸-聚乙二醇@碳酸钙(PPG@CaCO₃)纳米遮蔽体系, 用于遮蔽聚乙烯亚胺(PEI). 一方面, 聚谷氨酸-聚乙二醇(PPG)可以降低PEI引起的细胞毒性, 更有利于体内应用; 另一方面, CaCO₃可有效改善PPG导致的转染效率下降, 并在一定程度上提高PEI的细胞转染效率. 对比遮蔽体系PPG@CaCO₃和聚谷氨酸-聚乙二醇@磷酸钙[PPG@Ca₃(PO₄)₂]发现, PPG@CaCO₃在微酸性环境中释放二氧化碳气体是提高细胞转染效率的关键因素. 小鼠体内循环实验表明, PPG@CaCO₃遮蔽体系可以增加载体在血液中的循环时间. 因此, PPG@CaCO₃遮蔽体系对于改善阳离子类基因载体的体内应用起到重要作用.     

化学专业本硕博一体化培养的课程建设探索*

化学专业本硕博一体化培养的课程建设以博士教育综合改革为契机,借鉴一流高校的先进理念,梳理原来本硕博三级培养过程中存在的课程内容重叠、缺乏衔接、知识广度不足等问题,结合化学专业特点和本校学科优势,兼顾理论课程、实验课程及实践训练环节,优化教学资源,力求建成横向学科交叉、纵向层次递进的本硕博一体化系列课程,为贯通式人才培养提供有益探索。     

比色法在爆炸物检测中的研究进展

爆炸物杀伤力大、隐蔽性强,被广泛应用于军事战争,也是恐怖分子施暴方式的首选。基于保护人民生命和财产安全的迫切需求,爆炸物检测技术受到世界公共安全领域的高度重视。相比于其它分析方法,比色法因操作简便、抗干扰性强,不依赖分析设备的优势成为最适用于现场快速检测爆炸物的方法之一。该文主要综述了比色法在爆炸物探测领域的研究进展,包括对比色探针和比色阵列研究进展的总结与前景分析,并重点讨论了比色人工嗅觉系统及其在爆炸物检测中的应用,展望了其未来的发展趋势和应用前景。     

Circumvent PEGylation dilemma by implementing matrix metalloproteinase-responsive chemistry for promoted tumor gene therapy

Surface modification by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGylation) has been acknowledged as a powerful strategy in minimizing non-specific reactions for biomedical devices. Once applied into manufacture of drug/gene delivery systems, PEGylation has demonstrated to significantly improve their biocompatibility and stealthiness in physiological environment. Nonetheless, reluctant cell membrane affinities thus cellular uptake efficiencies owing to PEGylation brought up further issues that are imperative to be resolved. Pertain to this PEGylation dilemma, we attempted to introduce peptide (GPLGVRG) linkage between block copolymer of PEG-poly{N'-[N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl]aspartamide} PAsp(DET), wherein the cationic PAsp(DET) could self-assemble with pDNA into nanoscaled complex core. Noteworthy was the peptide linkage whose amino acids sequence could be specifically recognized and degraded by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (overexpressed in extracellular milieu of tumors). Therefore, our subsequent studies validated facile detachment of PEGylation from the aforementioned polyplex micelles upon treatment of MMPs, which elicited improved cytomembrane affinities and cellular uptake efficiencies. In addition, promoted escape from endosome entrapment was also confirmed through direct endosome membrane destabilization by PAsp(DET), which was further elucidated to be attributable to dePEGylation as well as elevated charged density of PAsp(DET) in acidic endosomes. These benefits from dePEGylation eventually contributed to promoted gene expression at the affected cells and potent tumor growth suppression based on anti-angiogenic approach. Therefore, our developed strategy has provided a facile approach in overcoming the dilemma of PEGylation, which could be informative in design of drug/gene delivery systems.     

Surface properties and doxorubicin delivery in mixed systems comprising a natural rosin-based ester tertiary amine and an anionic surfactant

A rosin-based ester tertiary amine salt (RETAS) cationic surfactant was obtained using natural rosin as raw material. GC-MS of RETAS was detailed analyzed. The pH-responsive mechanism of rosin-based ester tertiary amine (RETA) and RETAS was confirmed by applying theoretical calculations about electrostatic potential maps of RETA and RETAS cation using Gaussian software. Mixed system surfactants were obtained by blending RETAS cationic surfactant with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) anionic surfactant. The binary mixed surfactant systems of RETAS and SDBS had obvious synergistic effect. The γ_cmc and CMC were 39.40?mN/m and 0.56?mmol/L at the optimum molar fraction of RETAS (α)?=?0.6, respectively. The stability time of emulsion with the optimum mixed system as emulsifier increased to 309?s at α?=?0.6. The emulsifying capacity of RETAS was much better than that of RETA. RETAS had pH-responsive targeted release and the optimum mixed system showed a relatively sustained drug release by using doxorubicin (DOX) as a model drug. These results indicate that RETAS surfactant and mixed system surfactant are both promising for applications in drug delivery and emulsification.     

基于"营养化学"通识课程综合互动性考评体系的建立与实施

以学生为中心,以学生能力培养为导向,设计"课堂辩论""社会调查""养生文化推广"三种考试形式,以实践形式从不同侧面考核学生综合运用所学知识的能力。学生自选考试形式,参与评分过程。对学生考试成绩的分析结果显示,各种考试形式及其评分标准合理、有效,能对学生综合素质给予全面系统的评估。     

富Mn鸢尾生物炭的制备及在类Fenton体系中的应用

通过在N₂气氛围下热裂解富集Mn的鸢尾可得到Mn/生物炭(BC)材料, 并按植物叶(Leaf)和根部(Root)分别将其分别命名为BC-L0, BC-L1, BC-L2, BC-R0, BC-R1和BC-R2. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 能谱分析(EDS)仪、 X射线衍射(XRD)仪、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 原子吸收光谱(AAS)和比表面积分析(BET)仪等对Mn/生物炭材料的Mn含量、 化学组成与形貌进行了表征, 发现鸢尾叶部为Mn主要富集部位, 最大富集量为13.0 mg/g, 且Mn以Mn₂O₃薄片存在于生物炭表面. 利用Mn/生物炭与H₂O₂构建了类Fenton体系, 在中性条件下BC-L2-H₂O₂体系对有机污染物罗丹明B(RhB, 3×10 ^-5 mol/L)的降解率达到50%(180 min), 表明该体系具备氧化去除RhB的能力, 并推测了该体系对RhB的催化氧化机理. 结果表明, 先将Mn超富集植物转化为Mn/生物炭材料, 再通过添加H₂O₂能构建具有氧化能力的类Fenton体系, 可用于对有机污染物的降解, 实现“以废治废”的绿色循环思路, 为Mn富集的植物后续处理提供一种新的转化及应用方式.     

二级学院实施“大类培养”模式的探索与实践

针对学分制背景下,现行的“专业招生,专业培养”教学管理模式存在的不足,提出了在二级学院试点实施“大类培养”的新模式;并在修订教学计划、整合教学资源、优化师资配置和小班教学等4个方面进行了实践与探索,同时提出了学院今后应努力的方向。     

芳香查尔酮衍生物的合成、理论计算及三阶非线性光学性质

合成了2种新的具有潜在应用价值的非线性光学(NLO)有机材料芳香查尔酮衍生物1-(呋喃-2-基)-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丙烯酮(1)和1-(噻吩-2-基)-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丙烯酮(2),并对其进行了NMR、IR和HR-MS结构表征。 采用4f相位相干成像技术测定了化合物1和2的三阶NLO性质并确定了相关参数:脉冲宽度4 nm,激光波长440 nm,化合物1:非线性吸收系数β=5.5×10^-10 m/W,非线性折射系数n₂=-2.1×10^-17 m²/W,三阶非线性极化率χ⁽³⁾=1.58×10^-11 esu;化合物2:β=-2.4×10^-10 m/W,n₂=0.3×10^-17 m²/W,χ⁽³⁾=0.50×10^-11 esu;并测定了紫外光谱和DSC曲线。 采用密度泛函方法计算了化合物1和2的轨道能量和极化率,结果表明电子转移能在分子内部进行,说明比较易于极化,展示了良好的非线性光学性质。     

基于3D打印薄层池和流场形电极的镉离子流动检测系统

首次提出了流场形(FFS)电极的概念,并印制了FFS三电极体系.结合3D打印的薄层流通池(TLFC),采用方波溶出伏安法(SWSV),构建了镉离子(Cd2+)流动电化学检测系统.考察了电极形状、测量方式、流速、介质条件、富集时间等条件的影响.结果表明,此检测系统测量灵敏度高,重现性和稳定性好.在优化条件下,Cd2+浓度在2 ～ 100 μg/L范围内与溶出峰电流呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.997,检出限为0.5 μg/L.将本方法应用于环境水样和生物甲烷发酵液中痕量Cd2+的检测,结果与ICP-AES无显著性差异,加标回收率为90％ ～ 106％.