Type H superconductors and the vortex lattice.

Superconducting material is used, for example, in magnetic resonance imaging for medical examinations and particle accelerators in physics. Knowledge about superfluid liquids can give us deeper insight into the ways in which matter behaves in its lowest and most ordered state. Work by the author on superconduction in liquid helium established the existence of type II superconductors and proved that vortex lattices exist in superfluid helium, in the presence of magnetic fields. He showed that the Ginzburg-Landau theory could be extended to include this "new" type of superconductors, which today are in common use. His work on phase transitions of these superconductors under the influence of magnetic fields was groundbreaking, although he has worked in many other areas since then. He was awarded the Nobel prize in 2003 "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids" with V L. Ginzburg and A. J. Leggett.     

The Identification of the Sodium–Potassium Pump (Nobel Lecture)

Deemed too provocative , the word “pump” was omitted in the title of the 1957 publication “The Influence of Some Cations on an Adenosine Triphosphatase from Peripheral Nerves”, in which J. C. Skou showed that an ATPase in the membrane of crab nerves had such characteristics from the point of view of substrate ATP and effect of Na and K that it was reasonable to suggest that it was involved in the active transport of Na across the cell membrane.     

The Discovery of Polyacetylene Film: The Dawning of an Era of Conducting Polymers (Nobel Lecture)

This lecture is not directly related to our discovery and development of conducting polymers to which the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000 was awarded. However, I would like to present my previous work that I had carried out just before we reached the discovery of chemical doping. I hope that this will be of use and deepen your understandings by learning what had happened before and how we reached the idea of chemical doping.     

The Dawn of X‐Ray Astronomy (Nobel Lecture)

Riccardo Giacconi joined the American Science and Engineering Corporation (AS & E) after leaving Princeton University in 1959, and in 1962 his group there detected the first extrasolar Xray source. Prof. Giacconi was subsequently responsible for the launch and use of the satellite UHURU (1970) and the EINSTEIN observatory (1978). He was appointed Associate Director of the High Energy Astrophysics Division of the Harvard‐Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in 1973 and was also appointed Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University that same year. In 1981 he became the first Director of the Space Telescope Science Institute and was also appointed Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Johns Hopkins University. In 1992 he was appointed Director General of the European Southern Observatory, an intergovernmental organization of eight nations. Prof. Giaconni is currently President of Associated Universities, Inc., and Research Professor at Johns Hopkins University. He was awarded the Wolf Prize in 1987, and the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2002.     

不改初心 方得始终——首届全国高等学校物理基础课程青年教师讲课比赛参赛感想

作者简要回顾了参加第一届全国高等学校物理基础课程青年教师讲课比赛的历程,总结了本项比赛的特点,讨论了比赛对日常教学的促进作用,分享了参加比赛的收获.     

拓展近代物理实验提高本科生创新意识

近代物理实验教学应该以其自身特点使本科生掌握现代科学技术前沿,培养创新意识。本文结合商丘师范学院实际情况,提出近代物理实验的教学模式改革方案,在教学过程中采用学生提前预习和教师课前讲座的方式进行教学。在近代物理实验课堂教学中加入学生对近代物理实验的理解和看法,创造学生的思维空间,培养学生的创新意识。     

Teaching mathematical modelling in microeconomics

Three modelling excercises from microeconomics are presented, both as examples of a methodology for teaching economics to mathematically inclined students, and as a vehicle for teaching modelling as a general skill. The first exercise, a price adjustment model for perfect competition, is given in detail within a formulation/solution/generalization/validation scheme with suggestions for an interactive teaching strategy. The results of giving the exercise to a second‐year BSc class in Mathematics and Computing are reported. Outlines of two further exercises relating to oligopoly and related models are given, and an Appendix provides a series of graduated problems for the first of these exercises.