The Dawn of X‐Ray Astronomy (Nobel Lecture)

Riccardo Giacconi joined the American Science and Engineering Corporation (AS & E) after leaving Princeton University in 1959, and in 1962 his group there detected the first extrasolar Xray source. Prof. Giacconi was subsequently responsible for the launch and use of the satellite UHURU (1970) and the EINSTEIN observatory (1978). He was appointed Associate Director of the High Energy Astrophysics Division of the Harvard‐Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in 1973 and was also appointed Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University that same year. In 1981 he became the first Director of the Space Telescope Science Institute and was also appointed Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Johns Hopkins University. In 1992 he was appointed Director General of the European Southern Observatory, an intergovernmental organization of eight nations. Prof. Giaconni is currently President of Associated Universities, Inc., and Research Professor at Johns Hopkins University. He was awarded the Wolf Prize in 1987, and the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2002.     

Building Bridges Between Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (Nobel Lecture)

Robert B. Woodward, a supreme patterner of chaos, was one of my teachers. I dedicate this lecture to him, for it is our collaboration on orbital symmetry conservation, the electronic factors which govern the course of chemical reactions, which is recognized by half of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. From Woodward I learned much: the significance of the experimental stimulus to theory, the craft of constructing explanations, and the importance of asethetics in science. I will try to show you how these characteristics of chemical theory may be applied to the construction of conceptual bridges between inorganic and organic chemistry.     

化学师范生试讲中存在的问题及对策

化学师范生试讲中存在的主要问题是:专业知识不精致、板书不规范、语言表达能力有待提升、教态不自然、多媒体运用不熟练、教学设计能力不强、实验技能不扎实等。主观原因在于师范生自身条件影响、没有加强基本功练习和态度上不重视;客观原因在于教师授课方式影响、教师试讲指导不到位和缺乏严格的试讲管理和验收标准。解决这些问题的重要途径有加强专业知识学习和基本功练习、教师做好教学示范、加强试讲指导、加强实验教学技能培养、“听课、微格、试讲”三结合、完善试讲制度。     

Searching for New Reactivity (Nobel Lecture)

The processes for the selective oxidation of olefins have long been among the most useful tools for day‐to‐day organic synthesis. Herein, the focus is on the asymmetric‐epoxidation (AE) and asymmetric‐dihydroxylation (AD) reactions developed by Sharpless and co‐workers. The reactions have a wide scope, are simple to run, and involve readily available starting materials. Ligand‐accelerated catalysis is crucial to these reactions and might be the agent for uncovering more catalytic processes. In addition to the selectivity benefits of catalysis, the phenomenon of turnover (amplification) raises its potential impact. The author and his co‐workers developed small, highly enantioselective catalysts that were unfettered by the “lock‐and‐key” selectivity of Natures enzymes, and tolerant of substrates throughout the entire range of olefin substitution patterns.