Integration of fuzzy linguistic information in language comprehension

To successfully understand a natural language utterance, a person must simultaneously consider information about its perceptual, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic structure. At each of these levels of analysis, the linguistic information is continuously but systematically variable. It is argued that in order to cope with and, in fact, exploit this continuous information requires fuzzy propositional representations of linguistic knowledge. Such a fuzzy propositional theoretical framework is proposed and models of several specific language processing components are developed and empirically evaluated within this framework. The model system incorporates many of the major principles of current cognitive psychological theory and extends them into the fuzzy domain.     

Part-compilation in high-level languages

Many programming languages include the ability to divide large programs into smaller segments, which are compiled separately. When a small modification is made to a large program, then the affected segment only has to be re-compiled.This paper discusses how high-level languages like Algol 68, Algol W or Simula 67 can incorporate part-compilation in a usable, secure and efficient way.     

Genome size,self‐organization and DNA's dark matter

Chromosomes exhibit several features indicating that its spatiotemporal dynamics is self‐organized. It has been recently suggested that a negative correlation between genome size and mean chromosome number would also be a fingerprint of selforganization, related to how human language is organized at the level of words and syllables. However, the vast dominance of non‐coding DNA in eukaryotic genomes should prevent an interpretation of genome/chromosome size based on functional trade‐offs related to information storage and transmission. Moreover, the reported negative correlation is shown to be an inevitable consequence of the definitions of chromosome and genome length and it is thus unrelated to any type of special generative process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 16: 20–23, 2010     

“Can you help me count these pennies?”: Surfacing preschoolers’ understandings of counting

ABSTRACT

Capturing the breadth and variety of children’s understanding is critical if studies of children’s mathematical thinking are to inform policy and practice in early childhood education. This article presents an investigation of young children’s counting. Detailed coding and analyses of assessment interviews with 476 preschoolers revealed understandings that would be overlooked by solely assessing the accuracy of their responses. In particular, many children demonstrated understandings of counting principles on a challenging task that were not captured by other, simpler tasks. We conclude that common approaches to capturing young children’s mathematical understanding are likely underestimating their capabilities. This study contributes to researchers’ understanding of what making sense of counting looks and sounds like for preschool age children (3–5 years), the development and relations among counting principles (one-to-one, cardinal, and patterns of the number sequence), and the affordances of challenging, open-ended tasks. We close by considering the implications of recognizing and building from what children know and can do for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.     

Engineering Polymer Informatics: Towards the Computer‐Aided Design of Polymers

The computer‐aided design of polymers is one of the holy grails of modern chemical informatics and of significant interest for a number of communities in polymer science. This paper outlines a vision for the in silico design of polymers and presents an information model based on modern semantic web technologies, thus laying the foundations for achieving the vision.

     

Media pressures on Welsh language preservation

Despite compulsory school instruction in the Welsh language and strong cultural incentives to acquire the language, the most recent UK Census showed a downward trend in the number of speakers. The asymmetry in explicit language acquisition incentives is here considered to be offset by the media dominance of the English language. This dominance is modeled by the introduction of time-dependent connectivity and infectivity among English speakers into an adapted epidemiological model. Extrapolations up to 2050 are made, this being the announced date of a Welsh Assembly language-planning target of one million Welsh speakers.     

C语言在落球法测液体粘度实验中的应用

在大数据时代,为了提高物理实验数据的处理效率,减少数据处理过程中的人为误差,本文以落球法测液体的粘滞阻力系数实验为载体,运用高效率、结构化、模块化的编程语言,采取面向过程的编程技术,编写了适用于落球法测液体粘度实验的C语言程序,并根据相关理论计算了了粘滞阻力系数的相对不确定度,从而进一步地阐述了C语言程序设计在物理实验数据处理中的可行性、优越性、可推广性以及适用性,提出了Excel与C语言结合、高效率处理物理实验数据的方法。     

单片微机系统时钟软件的一种实现方法

本文介绍一种用MCS—51汇编语言设计的单片微机系统时钟软件。该软件所需的中断服务时间短,因而不影响CPU进行其他实时性较高的处理工作,该软件还能提供时间显示功能,文中给出了相应的显示硬件结构。