Array P systems with permitting features

The biologically inspired model, known as P system, has proved to be a general framework for investigating several problems related to computing in different fields. Two-dimensional picture array languages is one such area in which different kinds of P systems have been constructed for picture array generation. Incorporating the feature of permitting symbols in the rules, a new variety of array P system is constructed here for generating picture languages consisting of picture arrays. The advantage of this approach is that there is a reduction in the number of membranes used in the construction, in comparison to the existing array P system models.     

应用限制球形卷积解析弓状束的结构特性与语言理解表现的相关性

通过限制球形卷积(constrained spherical deconvolution,CSD)和神经纤维追踪技术(tractography),以了解大脑左右半球的弓状束(arcuate fasciculus,AF)神经结构完整性与语言理解能力的相关性.该文使用磁共振成像(MRI)仪对14例大脑左半球罹患肿瘤的右利手患者进行了术前术后扫描(每次扫描均伴随一次波士顿失语症测试),并用分析软件DSI Studio计算术前术后左右半球弓状束的四项扩散指标,并进行了比较.结果发现左脑弓状束有两项指标在术前术后有非常显著的差异(p0.01),而右脑四项指标均无显著改变(p0.05).另外,该文还将扩散指标与患者相对应的语言测试所反映的语言理解能力进行了相关性分析,发现无论术前术后,左半球弓状束与语言理解能力相关系数r介于0.6~0.8之间,而右半球则仅介于0.3~0.4之间.上述结果表明,语言理解能力与左侧弓状束密切相关(p0.01),而与右侧弓状束相关性不大,此结果与以往研究者对大脑侧化的认知相符.     

脉冲条件下ITER HCCB TBS动态氚输运分析

在ITER脉冲运行条件下对中国氦冷固态增殖剂实验包层系统(HCCB TBS)动态氚输运进行了分析,利用Modelica语言开发了一套动态氚分析程序.对比了在脉冲运行工况及连续运行工况下TBS流体中的氚浓度和分压的动态变化、固体材料中氚盘存量的动态变化以及氚渗透通量的动态变化.脉冲运行下TBS系统氚变化趋势与物理分析结果...     

化学种态分析软件CHEMSPEC（C＋＋）及其应用

我们采用C＋＋语言编写了一款具有图形界面的化学种态分析软件CHEMSPEC（C＋＋）．本文主要介绍了该程序的原理和结构,图形界面的使用,最后采用了几个实例来说明该软件可以解决什么问题．结果表明,CHEMSPEC（C＋＋）可视化程序使用方便,计算结果良好．该程序可用于计算部分关键放射性核素在水岩体系中的种态．     

Cellulose‐Builder: A toolkit for building crystalline structures of cellulose

Cellulose‐builder is a user‐friendly program that builds crystalline structures of cellulose of different sizes and geometries. The program generates Cartesian coordinates for all atoms of the specified structure in the Protein Data Bank format, suitable for using as starting configurations in molecular dynamics simulations and other calculations. Crystalline structures of cellulose polymorphs Iα, Iβ, II, and III_I of practically any size are readily constructed which includes parallelepipeds, plant cell wall cellulose elementary fibrils of any length, and monolayers. Periodic boundary conditions along the crystallographic directions are easily imposed. The program also generates atom connectivity file in PSF format, required by well‐known simulation packages such as NAMD, CHARMM, and others. Cellulose‐builder is based on the Bash programming language and should run on practically any Unix‐like platform, demands very modest hardware, and is freely available for download from ftp://ftp.iqm.unicamp.br/pub/cellulose‐builder. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

关于极大前缀码的刻划的一个注记

设X*是字母表X上的自由幺半群,以X*为顶点集构造一个语言图Γ(X*),引入语言图Γ(X*)的横截集的概念,给出了前缀码为极大前缀码的一个刻划,并推广了相关文献的结果.     

证券投资基金的群决策

证券投资基金的一个特点是组织具有专门知识和经验的专家群体经营操作,投资理性强.为了能够充分利用各个投资专家的知识和经验,需要将来自各位专家的宝贵信息集结为专家群体做出的判断,同时考虑到在实际投资决策中,常常采用的是语言型约束,建立基于可能性分布的一致性指标、FOWA算子和语言型量词的证券投资基金的群决策.     

模糊多目标群决策方法在军事辅助决策中的运用

决策者用语言变量评价目标权系数和定性目标,对定量目标进行无量纲化处理,并统一表示成不规则四边形模糊数的形式.经集结确定各决策对各方案的模糊评价指标,然后用乐观系数准则确定各决策对各方案的排序指标.最后用平均值法集结所有决策者对各方案的排序指标,并确定出群体对各方案的排序.     

The spatial distribution of clusters and the formation of mixed languages in bilingual competition

We use cellular automata simulation methods to study the competition between two languages (language A$A$ and B$B$). We assume each of the two languages consists of F$F$ independent features and define an individual as two F$F$-length “identity level” integer strings. The value of each integer of the strings indicates whether the individual is willing or unwilling to express a certain feature and how his willingness or unwillingness is. In our model, individuals who speak either language A$A$ or B$B$ are randomly placed on a square lattice initially and programmed to evolve under the communication and interaction methods. First, we consider the situation that the competition occurs between two languages with only one feature. We find the differences between short-time coexistence processes and long-time coexistence processes and discuss how the spatial distribution of languages evolves. We observe that periodic line-shaped boundaries take shape in some simulations and lead to long-time coexistence between the two languages. Then we study the multi-feature cases when F=10$F=10$ and find the correlation among the evolution of different features decreases with time. We also observe the extinction of two primitive languages and formation of mixed languages.     

语言扶贫的理论逻辑、经验支持与实现路径

语言扶贫是扶贫同扶志、扶智相结合的重要举措之一,其必要性和可能性主要表现在：（1）语言扶贫有其内在的理论逻辑,即语言的人力资本属性、产业属性和制度属性。三种属性是有机联系的整体。（2）语言扶贫有独特优势,即利用语言资源可以产生规模、协同和代际效应,创造绿色、低碳GDP,实现真脱贫。（3）语言扶贫已获得较多的经验和实证支持。语言扶贫的实现路径有：积极考察普通话能力的影响因素,提高以普通话为基础的语言能力对贫困地区的发展贡献率;推普过程中注重考察习得者年龄和少数民族语言同汉语的语言距离等影响因素;开发、利用少数民族语言资源,把少数民族语言产业同旅游产业、翻译产业等结合起来,多渠道推广少数民族语言产品（语言服务）;面向市场需求,发展外语培训市场,开展语言职业教育。