An orthotropic piezoelectric ellipsoid in a centrifugal field

A rotating ellipsoid composed of an orthotropic piezoelectric material (2mm) are considered, and the stress and electric displacement fields in this rotating ellipsoid are obtained exactly and completely. The solutions of the same problem for transversely isotropic piezoelectric material (6 mm) are also given by degenerating above results. At last, numerical examples for four kinds of media are illustrated in figures for comparison. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19872060).     

基于2-Jordan型幂零阵的Cartesian认证码的构造

利用群在集合上的共轭作用,给出了一种由2 -Jordan型幂零矩阵构造Cartesian认证码的新方案,计算了相关参数,并在假定编码规则按等概率分布选取时分析了模仿攻击和替换攻击成功的概率.     

On the Generation of Discrete Isotropic Orientation Distributions for Linear Elastic Cubic Crystals

We consider a model for the elastic behavior of a polycrystalline material based on volume averages. In this case the effective elastic properties depend only on the distribution of the grain orientations. The aggregate is assumed to consist of a finite number of grains each of which behaves elastically like a cubic single crystal. The material parameters are fixed over the grains. An important problem is to find discrete orientation distributions (DODs) which are isotropic, i.e., whose Voigt and Reuss averages of the grain stiffness tensors are isotropic. We succeed in finding isotropic DODs for any even number of grains N≥4 and uniform volume fractions of the grains. Also, N=4 is shown to be the minimum number of grains for an isotropic DOD. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A geometric factor calculation method based on the isotropic flux assumption

One of the instruments onboard the China Seismic Electromagnetic Satellite （CSES） is the Low Energy Particle Detector （LEPD）. The primary objective of LEPD is to provide measurements of the fluxes, energy spectra and pitch angles of 100 keV to 10 MeV electrons and protons from 2 to 50 MeV in the Earth＇s magnetosphere. The geometric factor is one of the principle parameters of a detector, which converts the physical quantity-count rate to the particle quantity-flux. In this paper, we calculated the geometric factor of LEPD via computer modeling of an isotropic radiation environment. It was first demonstrated that the radiation intensity related should obey a cosine-law, then a general sampling method of generating this distribution via GPS of GEANT4 was explained. Furthermore, combined with flux normalization, a comparison of the geometric factor calculation of a set of 2-layer detectors with different shapes （cylinder, truncated cone and rectangle） was performed. Results show a generally good agreement between simulation and analytical calculations for the cylinder and truncated cone detectors, and the result of the rectangular one, for which there is no accurate analytical formula, is consistent with the previous simulated results by others. As a practical instance of the 2-layer rectangle detector, the geometric factor of LEPD is 10.336±0.036 m cm2·sr for 10 MeV proton and 8.211±0.032 m cm2·sr for 8 MeV electron.     

Line-integral representations for extended displacements,stresses, and interaction energy of arbitrary dislocation loops in transversely isotropic magneto-electro-elastic bimaterials

In addition to the hexagonal crystals of class 6 mm, many piezoelectric materials （e.g., BaTiO3）, piezomagnetic materials （e.g., CoFe2O4）, and multiferroic com-posite materials （e.g., BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 composites） also exhibit symmetry of transverse isotropy after poling, with the isotropic plane perpendicular to the poling direction. In this paper, simple and elegant line-integral expressions are derived for extended displace-ments, extended stresses, self-energy, and interaction energy of arbitrarily shaped, three-dimensional （3D） dislocation loops with a constant extended Burgers vector in trans-versely isotropic magneto-electro-elastic （MEE） bimaterials （i.e., joined half-spaces）. The derived solutions can also be simply reduced to those expressions for piezoelectric, piezo-magnetic, or purely elastic materials. Several numerical examples are given to show both the multi-field coupling effect and the interface/surface effect in transversely isotropic MEE materials.     

含定向非均匀体固体材料的横观各向同性有效弹性模量

针对非均匀体定向指向的情况,将非均匀体对弹性波的散射等效为球形有效体对弹性波的散射,推导出了呈现横观各向同性的有效弹性模量.理论分析表明:本文得到的有效模量公式至少具有二阶精度.数值计算表明:本文的有效模量随孔隙度增加而降低,不会出现Hudson模型中在孔隙度超过一定阈值后不减反增的问题.另外,在非均匀体指向随机的情况,本文得到的有效模量公式归结为Kuster-Toks z模型的公式.对于由扁状裂隙作为非均匀体的孔隙岩石,裂隙内液体主要影响横观各向同性对称轴方向的纵波模量.     

Mathematical osteon model for examining poroelastic behaviors

An extended and reasonable stress boundary condition at an osteon exterior wall is presented to solve the model proposed by Rémond and Naili. The obtained pressure and fluid velocity solutions are used to investigate the osteonal poroelastic behaviors. The following results are obtained. (i) Both the fluid pressure and the velocity amplitudes are proportional to the strain amplitude and the loading frequency. (ii) In the physiological loading state, the key role governing the poroelastic behaviors of the osteon is the strain rate. (iii) At the osteon scale, the pressure is strongly affected by the permeability variations, whereas the fluid velocity is not.     

Designing isotropic composites reinforced by aligned transversely isotropic particles of spheroidal shape

The aim of this paper is to study the design of isotropic composites reinforced by aligned spheroidal particles made of a transversely isotropic material. The problem is investigated analytically using the framework of mean-field homogenization. Conditions of macroscopic isotropy of particle-reinforced composites are derived for the dilute and Mori–Tanaka's schemes. This leads to a system of three nonlinear equations linking seven material constants and two geometrical constants. A design tool is finally proposed, which permits to determine admissible particles achieving macroscopic isotropy for a given isotropic matrix behavior and a given particle aspect ratio. Correlations between transverse and longitudinal moduli of admissible particles are studied for various particle shapes. Finally, the design of particles is investigated for aluminum and steel matrix composites.     

Algebraic Theory of Linear Viscoelastic Nematodynamics

This paper consists of two parts. The first one develops algebraic theory of linear anisotropic nematic “N-operators” build up on the additive group of traceless second rank 3D tensors. These operators have been implicitly used in continual theories of nematic liquid crystals and weakly elastic nematic elastomers. It is shown that there exists a non-commutative, multiplicative group N₆ of N-operators build up on a manifold in 6D space of parameters. Positive N-operators, which in physical applications hold thermodynamic stability constraints, do not generally form a subgroup of group N₆. A three-parametric, commutative transversal-isotropic subgroup of positive symmetric nematic operators is also briefly discussed. The special case of singular, non-negative symmetric N-operators reveals the algebraic structure of nematic soft deformation modes. The second part of the paper develops a theory of linear viscoelastic nematodynamics applicable to liquid crystalline polymer. The viscous and elastic nematic components in theory are described by using the Leslie–Ericksen–Parodi (LEP) approach for viscous nematics and de Gennes free energy for weakly elastic nematic elastomers. The case of applied external magnetic field exemplifies the occurrence of non-symmetric stresses. In spite of multi-(10) parametric character of the theory, the use of nematic operators presents it in a transparent form. When the magnetic field is absent, the theory is simplified for symmetric case with six parameters, and takes an extremely simple, two-parametric form for viscoelastic nematodynamics with possible soft deformation modes. It is shown that the linear nematodynamics is always reducible to the LEP-like equations where the coefficients are changed for linear memory functionals whose parameters are calculated from original viscosities and moduli.      

The method of weighted residuals for transversely isotropic axisymmetric problems and its applications to engineering

A method with two harmonic functions is proposed for solving transversely isotropic axisymmetric problems by applying the theorems of Refs. [1] and [5]. A series of simple formulas of the boundary least square collocation method is derived. Two engineering examples show that the present method is much more convenient than Lekhniskii's with biharmonic functions. Some useful conclusions are finally obtained.