脑功能磁共振成像在人类嗅觉研究中的应用

在人类的5种主要感觉中,嗅觉是最广泛、古老、直接和内在的感觉.这些特性使人们对人类嗅觉的研究异常艰难,以致于直到今天人们对嗅觉的功能仍不清楚,而对大脑的功能机制所知更少.与其他基于物理原理的方法一样,磁共振成像技术的广泛应用极大地推动了整个生命科学的发展.脑功能磁共振成像的优势(高分辨率、高对比度、无损性和无放射性等)为人们研究嗅觉高级中枢以及与嗅觉相关行为的脑机制等提供了强有力的技术手段.文章在简单介绍嗅觉知识的基础上,着重讨论了近十年来,脑功能磁共振成像技术在人类嗅觉研究中所取得的成果.     

LIMIT CYCLES BIFURCATION FOR A CLASS OF DEGENERATE SINGULARITY

In this paper, bifurcation of limit cycles for the degenerate equilibrium to a three- dimensional system is investigated. Firstly, we use formal series to calculate the focal values at the high-order critical point on center manifold. Then an example is studied, and the existence of 3 limit cycles on the center manifold is proved. In terms of high- order singularities in high-dimensional systems, our results are new.     

Yetter–Drinfeld Modules over Weak Braided Hopf Monoids and Center Categories

In this paper,we introduce several centralizer constructions in a monoidal context and establish a monoidal equivalence with the category of Yetter–Drinfeld modules over a weak braided Hopf monoid.We apply the general result to the calculus of the center in module categories.     

Persistent centers of complex systems

On the basis of some works on persistent centers and weakly persistent centers, in this paper we discuss a generalized version of persistent center and weakly persistent center for complex planar differential systems, in which conjugacy of variables may not be required. We give some complex systems which have a persistent center or weakly persistent center at the origin. Then, we find all conditions of persistent center for cubic systems and all conditions of weakly persistent center for complex cubic Lotka–Volterra system. Relations between complex systems and real ones are given concerning persistent centers and weakly persistent centers.     

New lower bounds for the Hilbert number of polynomial systems of Liénard type

In this paper, we study the maximal number of limit cycles of some kinds of polynomial Liénard systems with arbitrary degree and obtain some new lower bounds for the Hilbert number of the systems, which improve truly the certain existing results.     

Multigrid convergence acceleration for implicit and explicit solution of Euler equations on unstructured grids

The multigrid method is one of the most efficient techniques for convergence acceleration of iterative methods. In this method, a grid coarsening algorithm is required. Here, an agglomeration scheme is introduced, which is applicable in both cell‐center and cell‐vertex 2 and 3D discretizations. A new implicit formulation is presented, which results in better computation efficiency, when added to the multigrid scheme. A few simple procedures are also proposed and applied to provide even higher convergence acceleration. The Euler equations are solved on an unstructured grid around standard transonic configurations to validate the algorithm and to assess its superiority to conventional explicit agglomeration schemes. The scheme is applied to 2 and 3D test cases using both cell‐center and cell‐vertex discretizations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanism of light emission in low energy ion implanted silicon

A silicon wafer implanted with a single low energy (42 keV) silicon ion beam results in strong luminescence at room temperature. The implantation results in the formation of various luminescent defect centers within the crystalline and polymorphous regions of the wafer. The resulting luminescence centers (LC) are mapped using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). The emission from the ion-implanted wafer shows multiple PL peaks ranging from the UV to the visible; these emissions originate from bound excitonic states in crystal defects and interfacial states between crystalline/amorphous silicon and impurities within the wafer. The LCs are created from defects and impurities within the wafer and not from nanoparticles.     

γ射线辐照石英玻璃吸收光谱的研究

石英玻璃以其低热膨胀系数、高紫外透过率而成为不可缺少的光学材料,但并不是所有的石英玻璃都可以作为光学材料。有些石英玻璃在短波长射线环境运行一段时间后,透过率下降,甚至变黑。哪些石英玻璃能够用于射线环境、哪些不能用?这要求对石英玻璃分类。美国Lawerence Livemore国家实验室提出的LL分类法中隐藏一个理论缺陷,即它暗中假定石英玻璃在γ射线照射下,只感生E′,D_0,B_1,Al等4条吸收带,虽然他们所接触的石英玻璃是这种情况,但缺乏理论依据,没有理由认为任何石英玻璃在γ射线照射下只有这4条感生吸收带,事实上确实有的石英玻璃在γ射线照射下还有其他感生吸收带,LL分类法就无法对这种石英玻璃归类。石英玻璃对γ射线的响应有三类,一是有响应的辐照变色石英玻璃,另一是没有响应的耐辐照石英玻璃,第三类是介于这两类之间的、不产生可见的感生吸收带但产生紫外感生吸收带的过渡类石英玻璃。石英玻璃耐γ射线照射的能力取决于杂质总量和羟基含量的比值;比值越大,耐辐照能力越差;比值大于2为变色石英玻璃,比值小于0.01为耐辐照石英玻璃;比值介于其间为紫外透过下降的石英玻璃,即过渡类石英玻璃。     

On the first Laplacian eigenvalue and the center of gravity of compact hypersurfaces

For a closed hypersurface in a space form, this work provides some sharp upper bounds for its first positive Laplacian eigenvalue. These bounds are extrinsic as they rely on the mean curvatures and center(s) of gravity of the hypersurface. Received: May 22, 2000     

同步辐射光源的尺寸、散射角和中心亮度计算

 同步辐射光源的尺寸、散角和中心亮度是装置的重要参数。着重讨论了同步光源的尺寸、散角和中心亮度的计算方法, 并给出了合肥同步辐射光源的结果。