A fast estimation of sonar cross section of acoustically large and complex underwater targets using a deterministic scattering center model

In this paper, a fast method is proposed to estimate the sonar cross section of acoustically large and complex underwater targets such as submarines and torpedoes. The proposed method is based on a deterministic scattering center model which constructs scattering center database by using a combining method of physical optics and geometric optics and then reconstructs sonar cross section patterns from that database with a polynomial interpolation with respect to the incident angle. The parametric studies to find appropriate intervals of the reference incident angle are systematically carried out for simple targets such as a flat square plate and an orthogonal dihedral. Moreover, to validate the proposed method, sonar cross sections of real-like targets such as a pressure hull and an idealized submarine are calculated. The comparisons show that the results by the proposed method are in good agreement with those by the direct calculation.     

平面运动刚体加速度瞬心的确定及应用

给出在特殊情况下,确定刚体平面运动加速度瞬心的方法以实例说明加速度瞬心在运动学以及动力学中的应用,可使一些问题求解大为简化．     

采用选择激发研究光系统Ⅱ反应中心β-Car的物理特性

光系统Ⅱ反应中心包含有2个去镁叶绿素分子(Pheo),2个β胡萝卜素分子(β-Car)和6个叶绿素a分子(Chla).对反应中心的时间分辨荧光光谱表明,两个β-Car具有不同的吸收光谱,吸收峰分别为489 nm(Car489)和507 nm(Car507),Car489靠近吸收峰为667 nm和675 nm的叶绿素a(Chl a),它的主要功能是保护反应中心免受单态氧的破坏,而不能将激发能传递给光化学反应活性的色素分子P680;Car507靠近吸收峰为669 nm的Chl a分子;能够将激发能传递给P680,进行电荷分离.采用全局优化拟合的方法对荧光光谱进行处理,Car489在61 ps时间内将能量传递给Chl a672, 随后传给Chl a677,处于激发态的Chl a677在3 ns衰减到基态;Car507在274 ps时间内将能量传递给P680,P680＋Pheo-的电荷重组发生在3.8 ns和16 ns.     

Strategies to model the near-solute solvent molecular density/polarization

The solvent molecular distribution significantly affects the behavior of the solute molecules and is thus important in studying many biological phenomena. It can be described by the solvent molecular density distribution, g, and the solvent electric dipole distribution, p. The g and p can be computed directly by counting the number of solvent molecules/dipoles in a microscopic volume centered at r during a simulation or indirectly from the mean force F and electrostatic field E acting on the solvent molecule at r, respectively. However, it is not clear how the g and p derived from simulations depend on the solvent molecular center or the solute charge and if the g(F) and p(E) computed from the mean force and electric field acting on the solvent molecule, respectively, could reproduce the corresponding g and p obtained by direct counting. Hence, we have computed g, p, g(F), and p(E) using different water centers from simulations of a solute atom of varying charge solvated in TIP3P water. The results show that g(F) and p(E) can reproduce the g and p obtained using a given count center. This implies that rather than solving the coordinates of each water molecule by MD simulations, the distribution of water molecules could be indirectly obtained from analytical formulas for the mean force F and electrostatic field E acting on the solvent molecule at r. Furthermore, the dependence of the g and p distributions on the solute charge revealed provides an estimate of the change in g and p surrounding a biomolecule upon a change in its conformation.     

An analytical study of the modification ability of distribution centers

This paper considers a two-level vendor managed inventory (VMI) system comprising a distribution center (DC) and a retailer. Both the DC’s and the retailer’s replenishment decisions follow the order-up-to-level policy and aim at maximizing the profit of the overall system. We critically examine the potential of the DC’s ability to modify delivery decisions, identify and quantify the cost factors that influence the DC’s modification ability, establish a relationship between the DC’s location and its modification ability, and show the trade-off between the DC’s modification ability and related costs. Our analysis provides a new insight into the role of the DC and reveals the full potential of the VMI system. Our findings and their practical implications, demonstrated with the aid of computational examples, are helpful for enhancing the practice of VMI at both strategic and operational levels.     

Spin Ensembles Coupled to Superconducting Resonators：A Scalable Architecture for Solid-State Quantum Computing

A design is proposed for scalable solid-state quantum computing, which is based on collectively enhanced magnetic coupling between nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles and superconducting transmission line resonators interconnected by current-biased Josephson junction superconducting phase qubit. In this hybrid system, we realize distant multi-qubit controlled phase gate operations and generate distant multi-qubit entangled W-like states, being indispensable resource to quantum computation. Our proposed architecture consists of solid-state spin ensembles and circuit QED, and could achieve quantum computing in a solid-state environment with high-fidelity and scalable way. The experimental feasibility is discussed, and the implementation efficiency is demonstrated numerically.     

一种利用地物散射特性进行后续类别调整的极化SAR影像分类方法

针对常规极化SAR影像监督分类在分类时由于极化信息利用不完全,导致分类结果不可信的缺陷,在分析地物极化散射特性的基础上,提出一种结合复Wishart分类器思想的极化SAR监督分类方法,在监督分类的基础上,利用几乎包含所有极化信息的相干矩阵进行后续分类,利用地物所有极化散射信息完成类别的划分。首先,利用Cloude&Pottier极化特征组合对影像进行监督分类,获得初始类别划分结果;为纠正监督分类时仅利用特征矢量的空间分布特性进行类别划分导致的错误,对监督分类结果精度评价及研究区地物散射相似性分析,综合确定初始分类结果中分类效果较差、待后续调整类别的像素集;然后以各类别的相干矩阵均值为初始聚类中心,利用核模糊C均值算法,结合相干矩阵的复Wishart分布特性,对待修正的像素集进行后续类别迭代调整,获得精细分类结果。采用国产X-SAR获取的海南陵水地区的全极化SAR影像进行分类试验,结果表明：提出的对极化SAR影像监督分类后利用地物散射特性相似性对错分像素重新进行聚类调整类别的方法,与仅进行监督分类相比,分类结果总体精度更高,也更满足地物的散射特性。     

电化学催化的密度泛函研究

围绕电化学催化问题,综述了密度泛函理论研究电极电势、电催化剂结构与物种的吸附脱附、电子转移以及电催化剂活性、稳定性的关系. 电极电势与金属催化剂d带中心影响着电极表面物种的形成、吸附和脱附,通过催化剂合金化或表面修饰、载体-催化剂相互作用可实现催化剂d带中心的调控,寻找最优吸附强度的催化剂,以期提高催化活性;通过电极电势与催化剂的HOMO能级的调控,实现与电子受体物质LUMO能级的匹配,达到促进或抑制催化剂与电子受体物质之间电子转移的快慢.     

四轮客货车安全车速实时监测模型的研究

考虑实际坡度条件下, 提出了基于压力传感器的汽车重心与安全车速实时监测系统的多元力学模型. 建立了考虑车辆重心高度、路面纵横双向坡度及路面半径等因素的车辆安全车速控制力学模型, 并在三维模型分析的基础上提出监测与报警机理, 可为汽车安全系统提供安全车速与重心计算的多维力学模型, 为研制汽车安全车速实时监测系统提供了必要参数与依据.     

一种无密钥托管的移动IPv6网络匿名密钥分发协议

针对基于身份的密码体制IBE中固有的密钥托管问题,本文提出了一个移动IPv6网络环境中的无密钥托管匿名密钥生成机制与分发协议.该机制将节点身份认证和密钥生成与分发这两个过程分离,利用不可区分性匿名密文安全性在PKG不知道节点地址的情况下分发私钥给经过身份认证的节点,使得私钥生成中心或认证中心即使被单独攻破,攻击者也无法实现身份碰撞.可将身份认证中心部署于家乡服务器,而将PKG离线部署.经安全性分析,协议有效解决了移动IPv6网络中基于身份密码体制的密钥托管问题.