一种用数字示波器测量液体表面张力系数的实验方法

将弹簧作为电感线圈,与取样电阻构成RL串联电路.在正弦交流信号激励下,用数字示波器测量取样电压与作用力的关系,从而测得液体的表面张力系数.     

3D sensitivity encoded ellipsoidal MR spectroscopic imaging of gliomas at 3T

Purpose

The goal of this study was to implement time efficient data acquisition and reconstruction methods for 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of gliomas at a field strength of 3T using parallel imaging techniques.

Methods

The point spread functions, signal to noise ratio (SNR), spatial resolution, metabolite intensity distributions and Cho:NAA ratio of 3D ellipsoidal, 3D sensitivity encoding (SENSE) and 3D combined ellipsoidal and SENSE (e-SENSE) k-space sampling schemes were compared with conventional k-space data acquisition methods.

Results

The 3D SENSE and e-SENSE methods resulted in similar spectral patterns as the conventional MRSI methods. The Cho:NAA ratios were highly correlated (P<.05 for SENSE and P<.001 for e-SENSE) with the ellipsoidal method and all methods exhibited significantly different spectral patterns in tumor regions compared to normal appearing white matter. The geometry factors ranged between 1.2 and 1.3 for both the SENSE and e-SENSE spectra. When corrected for these factors and for differences in data acquisition times, the empirical SNRs were similar to values expected based upon theoretical grounds. The effective spatial resolution of the SENSE spectra was estimated to be same as the corresponding fully sampled k-space data, while the spectra acquired with ellipsoidal and e-SENSE k-space samplings were estimated to have a 2.36–2.47-fold loss in spatial resolution due to the differences in their point spread functions.

Conclusion

The 3D SENSE method retained the same spatial resolution as full k-space sampling but with a 4-fold reduction in scan time and an acquisition time of 9.28 min. The 3D e-SENSE method had a similar spatial resolution as the corresponding ellipsoidal sampling with a scan time of 4:36 min. Both parallel imaging methods provided clinically interpretable spectra with volumetric coverage and adequate SNR for evaluating Cho, Cr and NAA.     

基于人眼视觉非均匀特性的实时Mean Shift跟踪方法

由于在成像制导过程中需要实时处理大量的信息,为了在尽可能保留有效信息情况下降低计算量,采用了一种人眼视觉非均匀采样模型——对数极坐标模型,来压缩信息量以提高计算速度;另外,由于对数极坐标变换对目标形状具有旋转和缩放不变性,在跟踪非刚性变形目标时该模型能表现出很好的稳健性;考虑到在成像跟踪末段,质心、角点之类的跟踪方法会产生匹配点漂移,为了抑制匹配点漂移,采用基于目标强度特征的Mean Shift跟踪方法,并对采用Gauss核函数的Mean Shift方法进行了优化来加快计算速度;实验结果表明,该方法能够有效抑制匹配点漂移,是一个稳健的目标跟踪方法.     

Tunable 2D time-wavelength optical CDMA encoder for differentiated service provisioning

We propose and demonstrate a reconfigurable tunable encoder for two-dimensional time-wavelength optical code division multiple access (OCDMA). This encoder is capable of creating 2D codes with variable code weight, enabling differentiated service provisioning. The demonstrated novel scheme uses ultra-fast optical delay lines and all-optical sampling while operating at 115 Gchip/s. Our proposed architecture provides an all-optical method of varying the code weight on a bit-per-bit basis, while maintaining the core architecture of a tunable OCDMA encoder.     

基于Hough变换的椭圆检测算法

为了实现光电仪器对椭圆形目标的准确识别与跟踪,基于Hough变换提出了一种新的椭圆检测算法。该算法随机采样2点,再利用椭圆极和极弦的性质来搜索第3点并筛除大量无效采样;然后,以这3点为中心作正方形窗口,用窗口内的所有点来拟合椭圆方程。在验证候选椭圆时,提出了一种新方法来判断边缘点是否在椭圆上,并且给出了确定真实椭圆的自适应阈值。实验显示,该算法的平均长度误差为0．5pixel,平均角度误差为0．6°,平均耗时为79ms,表明该算法精度高,速度快,检测性能较好。     

Composite MR image reconstruction and unaliasing for general trajectories using neural networks

In rapid parallel magnetic resonance imaging, the problem of image reconstruction is challenging. Here, a novel image reconstruction technique for data acquired along any general trajectory in neural network framework, called “Composite Reconstruction And Unaliasing using Neural Networks” (CRAUNN), is proposed. CRAUNN is based on the observation that the nature of aliasing remains unchanged whether the undersampled acquisition contains only low frequencies or includes high frequencies too. Here, the transformation needed to reconstruct the alias-free image from the aliased coil images is learnt, using acquisitions consisting of densely sampled low frequencies. Neural networks are made use of as machine learning tools to learn the transformation, in order to obtain the desired alias-free image for actual acquisitions containing sparsely sampled low as well as high frequencies. CRAUNN operates in the image domain and does not require explicit coil sensitivity estimation. It is also independent of the sampling trajectory used, and could be applied to arbitrary trajectories as well. As a pilot trial, the technique is first applied to Cartesian trajectory-sampled data. Experiments performed using radial and spiral trajectories on real and synthetic data, illustrate the performance of the method. The reconstruction errors depend on the acceleration factor as well as the sampling trajectory. It is found that higher acceleration factors can be obtained when radial trajectories are used. Comparisons against existing techniques are presented. CRAUNN has been found to perform on par with the state-of-the-art techniques. Acceleration factors of up to 4, 6 and 4 are achieved in Cartesian, radial and spiral cases, respectively.     

基于半导体光放大器四波混频原理的光采样

建立了可研究强超短光脉冲放大特性且包含自由载流子吸收、受激辐射、双光子吸收、光谱烧孔和超快非线性折射效应的半导体光放大器理论模型,用以建立脉冲四波混频模型,并进一步仿真了基于半导体光放大器的光采样过程,重点讨论了自由载流子吸收、双光子吸收效应对采样特性的影响。仿真结果与实验结果相符。     

采样窗口对光学系统MTF测量影响的研究

对光学系统MTF测试中采样窗口对其测量影响进行了研究。在对标准镜头MTF测试时,采用离散傅里叶变换计算,线扩散函数扫描方向长度为所选针孔像线扩散函数半高宽的5倍左右时,MTF测试结果与设计值差异极值为0．011;采用快速傅里叶变换计算,线扩散函数扫描方向长度为所选针孔像线扩散函数半高宽的5倍左右时,同时采样点数要满足2^N,测试结果与设计值差异极值为0．010。为了证明此结论的普适性,按所提的采样窗口选取原则,对大像差镜头轴上和轴外的MTF进行了试验,并将测试结果与OPTIKOS的测试结果进行对比,最大极差为0．013。试验结果表明,此结论能够为光学系统MTF测试时采样窗口选择提供依据。     

一种结合并行成像和压缩感知的快速磁共振成像新方法

压缩感知（CS）技术和并行成像技术（主要是SENSE技术、GRAPPA技术等）都能通过减少k空间数据的采集量来加快磁共振成像速度,目前已有一些将两种方法相结合进一步加速磁共振成像速度的方法（例如CS-GRAPPA）.本文针对数据采集和重建这两方面对现有CS-GRAPPA方法进行了改进,采集方式上采用了局部等间隔采集模板以满足GRAPPA重建的要求,并对采集模板进行随机放置以满足CS重建的要求;数据重建时,根据自动校正数据估算GRAPPA算法中欠采行的重建误差,并利用误差的大小确定在CS算法中保真的程度.不同磁共振图像重建实验的结果表明：与现有方法相比,本文方法能够更好地保留原有图像细节并有效减少伪影.     

层状介质上时空展源瞬变电磁响应的计算方法研究

在瞬变电磁法的实际应用中,由于发射回线和发射波形的不规则性而导致其发射源成为时空展源. 展源效应的忽略会造成正反演和数据解释的差错,因此开展展源效应的研究对于瞬变电磁法的实际应用具有重要的意义. 对于空间展源,本文以磁偶极子的响应为基响应,应用有源空间的互易定理和第二类曲线积分,提出了一种可基于发射回线数值坐标求取任意形状发射回线响应的计算方法. 同时对于时间展源,以阶跃波形的响应为基响应,对阶跃响应的特性进行了分析,提出了一种对发射信号进行非均匀采样的高效时间域计算方法,解决了对数采样的基响应与高密度采样的发射波形之间进行常规卷积时所面临的时间与精度之间的矛盾. 通过对层状大地上展源响应的模拟仿真和对比验证显示了本文所提出方法的正确性. 最后本文考察了几种常见时空展源在常规近似前后响应的差别,并给出了相关结论. 关键词： 分层介质 展射电源 互易定理 非均匀采样