Boundary Crossing Probabilities for Scan Statistics and Their Applications to Change-Point Detection

This paper gives a brief review of recent developments in change-point detection and in the associated boundary crossing problems. Making use of saddlepoint approximations for Markov random walks, we give further extensions of a basic result on boundary crossing probabilities, leading to detection procedures that are not too de-manding in computational and memory requirements and yet are nearly optimal under several performance criteria.     

Analytical methods for airborne arsine,silane and dichlorosilane by adsorption sampling and AA spectrophotometry

Analytical methods for arsine, silane and dichlorosilane by adsorption sampling and elemental analysis with graphite furnace AA were studied to establish convenient methods for atmospheric contamination surveys. This study included the following five items: (1) primary selection of adsorbents applicable to adsorption sampling; (2) examination of the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents for the gases; (3) improvement of the adsorbents by chemical modification; (4) desorption of the gases adsorbed on the adsorbents with solvents; and (5) quantitative analysis of arsenic and silicon in the solutions. Experimental results showed that active carbon made from synthetic thermosetting resin beads contained no aresenic and little silicon as impurities. This active carbon by itself was proved to adsorb arsine and dichlorosilane, but not silane. Impregnation with sodium hydroxide of the active carbon improved the adsorption capacity for all three gases. Refined silica gel, free from arsenic contamination, did not adsorb arsine by itself but potassium permanganate impregnation produced an adsorption capacity for arsine. The adsorbed arsine on the active carbon was desorbed into a hot dilute nitric acid solution with high efficiency (over 90%), but arsine adsorbed on sodium hydroxide impregnated active carbon or on potassium permanganate impregnated silica gel was dissolved into various solutions only at lower efficiencies. Silane adsorbed on sodium hydroxide-impregnated active carbon was desorbed with hot water with an efficiency higher than 90%. Dichlorosilane adsorbed on the active carbon with or without sodium hydroxide impregnation was desorbed with a nitric acid solution with efficiency of 85%. The lower determination limit for arsine able to discriminate from background interference of arsenie was 0.005 ppm, and those for silane and dichlorosilane were each 0.05 ppm for 3-dm³ air samples.     

One- and two-phase flow during fluid sampling by a wireline tool

Wireline sampling tools withdraw a few litres of fluid from a permeable formation via a small sink probe pressed against the borehole wall. The aim is to recover, quickly and cheaply, a representative native fluid sample. Unfortunately, the formation in the near wellbore region is invaded by mud filtrate, and withdrawal of nonnative fluid initially is inevitable. It is therefore of interest to estimate the proportion of native fluid in the sample stream, as a function of time.Semi-analytical calculations of one- and two-phase sampling flows are presented, for the special case of constant total fluid mobility in the limits of very deep or very shallow invasion. Both the interaction of the initially cylindrically symmetric invasion profile with the spherically symmetric flow and the capillary shock-forming dynamics of two-phase flow are found to control the character of sample composition variation. The wide variety of sample stream composition histories is displayed.     

Optimizing the Conditions of the Experiment in Atomic Ionization Spectrometry with Laser-Induced Evaporation of Material into a Flame

Two ionization signals — selective and nonselective — are recorded on laser-induced evaporation of solid samples into a flame with subsequent exposure to resonance radiation. The magnitudes of the signals depend on many experimental parameters: the composition of the sample, the composition of the environment and gas mixture, etc. The dependences of the nonselective and selective signals on such experimental parameters as the voltage on the cathode and the energy of the vaporizing radiation have been studied. The optimum energy of the vaporizing radiation was 44–48 mJ at the cathode voltage 500–800 V. This has allowed the coefficient of correlation of the calibration graph to be raised up to 0.99. In these conditions, the limit of detection of Li was 0.017%.     

Signal Processing in Relaxation Experiments

Signal processing problems arising in the study of the linearly viscoelastic behavior of polymers and composites are considered. It is shown that the great amount of data conversions is associated with integral transforms using kernels which depend on the ratio or product of arguments for monotonic long-time-interval and wide-frequency-band functions (signals). A unified method of carrying out these integral transforms is developed by combining a logarithmic transformation of the signal time scale with digital filtering. For integral transforms leading to ill-conditioned inverse problems, a method of regularization is proposed based on choosing a sampling rate which ensures an acceptable error variance of the output signal. The specific features of the functional filters used for performing the functional (integral) transforms are discussed. Examples of performing the Heaviside-Carson sine transform and an inherently ill-conditioned problem of inverting the integral transform for determining the relaxation spectrum are represented by digital functional filters.     

气相色谱法测定火焰气体

用自行研制的采样装置和低温气相色谱联用，对甲烷－空气和正己烷火焰气体能迅速精确地进行全分析。     

An Analysis of the Decay of Saint-Venant End Effects in a Transversely Isotropic Matrix with an Isotropic Covering

A calculation model is proposed for a numerical analysis of the decay of Saint-Venant end effects in a laminate material of irregular structure to which corresponds a transversely isotropic matrix with an isotropic covering. The elastic properties of the matrix correspond to those of a unidirectional glass-fiber-reinforced plastic. The problem is investigated within the framework of the concept of a representative element of the material. The decay of the end effect in the direction perpendicular to the isotropy plane of a transversely isotropic matrix for the case of symmetric deformation of the material is considered. The source of the end effect is simulated by a piecewise-constant periodic surface load. This load is local for the calculated region and changes within a part of the boundary comparable with the typical size of the structural heterogeneity of the material. The equations of the linear elasticity theory of orthotropic bodies, a model of piecewise-homogeneous media, and quantitative criteria of decay of the end effect are used. Starting from the base system of equations, a discrete problem is constructed and solved. The results of a computing experiment for the choice of a representative element and the results of determining the maximum extent of the end-effect zone for this element are presented.     

多变量非线性贝叶斯动态模型的参数估计

本文讨论多变量非线性贝叶斯动态模型参数估计 ,将 Monte Carlo最优法用于极大似然函数 ,得到未知参数和状态变量的估计     

Sampling Chaotic Trajectories Quickly in Parallel

The parallel computational complexity of the quadratic map is studied. A parallel algorithm is described that generates typical pseudotrajectories of length t in a time that scales as log t and increases slowly in the accuracy demanded of the pseudotrajectory. Long pseudotrajectories are created in parallel by putting together many short pseudotrajectories; Monte Carlo procedures are used to eliminate the discontinuities between these short pseudotrajectories and then suitably randomize the resulting long pseudotrajectory. Numerical simulations are presented that show the scaling properties of the parallel algorithm. The existence of the fast parallel algorithm provides a way to formalize the intuitive notion that chaotic systems do not generate complex histories.