需求依赖销售努力库存系统的随机比较

研究需求依赖销售努力库存系统中需求不确定性对系统最优订货量、利润和销售努力的影响.对一般需求模型给出期望利润关于订货量和努力水平为联合凹的充分条件,证明期望利润函数的超模性质.对加乘需求模型证明系统最优利润和最优努力水平都可由一类与需求分布有关的广义TTT变换来表示.通过引入定义在不同支撑分布集合上一阶、二阶和三阶随机占优,得到广义TTT变换之差与二阶和三阶随机占优之间的关系式,建立了比较库存系统最优利润或努力水平的理论基础.在一阶和二阶随机占优意义下对加乘需求模型得到比较系统最优利润和努力水平的充分条件或充分必要条件.进一步,证明存在一类需求分布当系统关键比(或市场价格)足够大时系统最优利润和努力水平随需求可变性的增加而增加.最后给出几个数值例子验证了研究结果.     

A One-Time Excess Inventory Disposal Decision Under a Stationary Base-Stock Policy

We consider a stochastic inventory system that has been operated under a policy different from the one that will be implemented in the future. Such a situation may arise as a result of changes in model assumptions leading to the implementation of a different policy. Before the new policy is implemented, there may be some units on hand which may exceed the optimal order-up-to level. Hence, one needs to evaluate a one-time inventory disposal decision immediately before the new policy replaces the policy in use. For this purpose, we develop three models under different assumptions that describe the demand during the disposal period and present analytical results characterizing their optimal solutions.     

碳排放与资金双重约束下企业存货质押与生产决策

在碳排放许可与交易制度下,研究受资金约束的排放依赖性企业的存货质押与生产决策.以利润函数为目标函数构建决策模型,模型包括销售收入、生产成本、产成品存储费用、缺货成本、贷款利息、排放权市场交易费用和净化成本.通过求解,得出质押量、产量及对应的利润,最后对各参数进行敏感性分析.     

Production planning towards the end of a product life cycle

Previously published papers have derived optimal policies forreplenishing stock when demand is declining according to somedeterministic law. Here we elaborate on that work, providinga full analysis, and extend the analysis back in time by consideringthe period of relatively level demand which is likely to havepreceded the period of decline in demand. We show how optimalinventory replenishment policies extending back to this periodof level demand can be derived.     

The optimal pricing and ordering policy for an integrated inventory model when trade credit linked to order quantity

In traditional inventory models, it is implicitly assumed that the buyer must pay for the purchased items as soon as they have been received. However, in many practical situations, the vendor is willing to provide the buyer with a permissible delay period when the buyer’s order quantity exceeds a given threshold. Therefore, to incorporate the concept of vendor–buyer integration and order-size-dependent trade credit, we present a stylized model to determine the optimal strategy for an integrated vendor–buyer inventory system under the condition of trade credit linked to the order quantity, where the demand rate is considered to be a decreasing function of the retail price. By analyzing the total channel profit function, we developed some useful results to characterize the optimal solution and provide an iterative algorithm to find the retail price, buyer’s order quantity, and the numbers of shipment per production run from the vendor to the buyer. Numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are given to illustrate the theoretical results, and some managerial insights are also obtained.     

An analytical study of the modification ability of distribution centers

This paper considers a two-level vendor managed inventory (VMI) system comprising a distribution center (DC) and a retailer. Both the DC’s and the retailer’s replenishment decisions follow the order-up-to-level policy and aim at maximizing the profit of the overall system. We critically examine the potential of the DC’s ability to modify delivery decisions, identify and quantify the cost factors that influence the DC’s modification ability, establish a relationship between the DC’s location and its modification ability, and show the trade-off between the DC’s modification ability and related costs. Our analysis provides a new insight into the role of the DC and reveals the full potential of the VMI system. Our findings and their practical implications, demonstrated with the aid of computational examples, are helpful for enhancing the practice of VMI at both strategic and operational levels.     

供应链金融创新中下侧风险规避银行的贷款额度分析

针对供应链金融创新中季节性存货质押融资业务的重要风险控制指标--贷款额度展开研究,首先借鉴贸易融资中`` 主体＋债项"的风险评估思路,考虑委托监管模式的物流特征及成本收益结构,分析了借款企业的现金流状况及其性质;进而,将已有相关研究关于银行风险中性的假设拓展到银行下侧风险规避,分析了季节性存货质押融资中符合银行风险容忍水平的最高贷款额度.研究表明：下侧风险限制能够有效控制季节性存货质押融资业务的风险,使贷款符合银行设置的风险容忍水平.     

模糊随机需求的连续盘点存储策略研究

考虑到需求的模糊随机性,建立模糊随机需求情况下连续盘点存储策略的模糊随机成本模型。利用模糊随机变量的期望值理论,推导出了其成本期望值模型的解析表达式,进而给出了最优再订货点所属区间的判别条件以及最优再订货点和经济订货量的计算式;基于此,设计了一模糊随机需求的连续盘点最优存储策略算法。最后结合数值算例,分析了模糊随机需求概率分布及缺货成本对最优存储策略的影响。     

信息共享程度对我国服装供应链库存成本的影响

我国服装行业库存水平近年逐渐恶化,库存问题成为该行业发展的重要瓶颈。信息共享被认为是有效解决该问题的方法之一。然而目前国内文献对我国服装行业信息共享的定量研究较为缺乏;同时国内外对信息共享的普适研究也多集中于比较共享与不共享信息的影响,鲜有文章研究信息共享程度对供应链绩效的影响。本文通过建立信息共享量化模型分析以下三种情况对服装行业供应商库存水平及成本的影响:(1)共享需求统计信息,(2)共享实时需求信息,(3)共享需求及市场信息。本文研究表明,共享实时需求信息比共享需求统计信息能有效降低供应商库存水平及成本;而额外共享市场信息,能增加供应链柔性,提高其应对市场不确定性的能力。本文研究信息共享程度对服装行业供应链的影响,旨在降低我国服装供应链高库存水平,并为我国服装企业信息化及品牌建设提供管理启示。