Survismeter Unit for Surface Tension,Viscosity, and Dipole Moment Determination for Polystyrene Interactions in Benzene

Novel instrumental set up is developed for surface tension (γ, N m^?1), viscosity (η, N s m^?2)) and dipole moment (μ/Debye) measurements. A new instrument is economic, viable and pollution free in use, the γ, η and μ from viscosities (η, N s m^?2) and surface tension (γ, N m^?1) for 0.005 to 0.125 g% polystyrene at an interval of 0.0005 g% in benzene are measured at 288.15, 293.15, and 298.15 Kelvin temperatures. The γ, η, and μ are reported stronger frictional and cohesive forces due to stronger interactions of polystyrene with benzene. The survismeter is highly accurate and mechanically operated for pulling up liquid from reservoir bulb B1 to operational bulbs B2, B3, and B4. Densities are higher than those of benzene and also infer stronger polystyrene–benzene interactions, and hydrodynamic volume (HV) calculated with intrinsic viscosity [η] is noted in 293.15 (HV) >298.15 (HV) >288.15 (HV) order with higher values at 293.15 K. Surface tension (γ) values are slightly higher than of benzene and fall in a range of 33.47 to 33.35 N m^?1.     

Molecular Dimension and Interaction Parameters of Polyacrylamide in Water‐N,N‐Dimethylformamide Mixtures

The intrinsic viscosities [η] of polyacrylamide (PAM) having different average molecular weights are measured in various mixtures of water (good solvent) and N, N dimethyl formamide (DMF, nonsolvent) at different temperatures. The observed results show a significant variation of cosolvency as a function of solvent composition (?_DMF). The nature of curves in [η] vs. ?_DMF plot at different temperatures indicates the existence of two antagonistic effects. The unperturbed dimensions (K_θ) of the polymer are determined by a number of methods, which agree well with each other. The temperature coefficient of unperturbed dimension (K′), molecular extension factors (α_n), characteristic ratio (C_α) and chain rigidity (σ) are evaluated and the effects of temperature, solvent composition are discussed. The volume related parameter V_E and shape factor ν were also computed, which shows the shape of polymer molecules to be more or less spherical in solution.     

Dependence of NaI(Tl) detector intrinsic efficiency on source-detector distance,energy and off-axis distance: Their implications for radioactivity measurements

In this work the dependence of intrinsic efficiency of a NaI(Tl) detector of radius 3.82 cm and height 7.62 cm on source-detector distance (d), source-off-axis distance (d ₀) and γ-photon energy have been investigated using analytical and Monte Carlo methods. The results showed that, for a given off-axis distance, there exists a value of the ratio of source-detector distance (d) to detector radius (R) where intrinsic efficiency is minimum. This d/R value at which minimum efficiency occurs approaches zero as off-axis distance increases and it is almost constant with increase in energy. In the region where d/R < 0.01, a criteria given by Jehouani et al [1] for good photon detection, intrinsic efficiency decreases with increasing off-axis distance. The implications of the results for radioactivity measurement and radiation protection are discussed. Chacteristics of intrinsic efficiency in the regions d/R < 0.01 and d/R > 10 are also compared.      

影响摄像机标定精度的因素分析

摄像机标定是三维重建必不可少的步骤,摄像机标定结果的好坏直接决定着三维重建结果以及其他计算机视觉应用效果的好坏。研究了影响摄像机标定精度的一些因素,并给出了在这些因素影响下,摄像机焦距、主点位置、倾斜因子、径向畸变等参数的误差分布曲线。通过这些曲线可见增加特征点和标定图片数量,减小特征点提取误差,将有助于减小标定误差。研究表明,特征点数量控制在90点以上,标定图片数量在4～10之间,可以有效减少标定误差。对摄像机标定过程中合理选择标定图片数量,确定特征点数量和提取算法提供了参考依据。     

Tunneling spectra of underdoped Bi_2Sr_2Ca_(1-x)Y_xCu_2O_(8+δ) intrinsic Josephson junctions

<正>Mesa-structured submicron intrinsic Josephson junctions are successfully fabricated and well characterized on underdoped Bi_2Sr_2Ca_(1-x)Y_xCu-2O_(8+δ) single crystals with a T_c of 80 K.Tunneling spectra at the temperatures ranging from 4.2 K to 295 K are measured.A pulse technique is used to reduce sample heating for the measurement near pseudogap opening temperature T~*~280 K.Our experimental results show that the superconducting gap,the peak-dip separation,and the pseudogap opening temperature are all increased as compared with those from near optimally doped samples,which requires further theoretical analysis in the future.     

Discussions on the correspondence of dissipative particle dynamics and Langevin dynamics at small scales

We investigate the behavior of dissipative particle dynamics(DPD) within different scaling regimes by numerical simulations. The paper extends earlier analytical findings of Ripoll, M., Ernst, M. H., and Espa?nol, P.(Large scale and mesoscopic hydrodynamics for dissipative particle dynamics. Journal of Chemical Physics, 115(15),7271–7281(2001)) by evaluation of numerical data for the particle and collective scaling regimes and the four different subregimes. DPD simulations are performed for a range of dynamic overlapping parameters. Based on analyses of the current auto-correlation functions(CACFs), we demonstrate that within the particle regime at scales smaller than its force cut-off radius, DPD follows Langevin dynamics. For the collective regime,we show that the small-scale behavior of DPD differs from Langevin dynamics. For the wavenumber-dependent effective shear viscosity, universal scaling regimes are observed in the microscopic and mesoscopic wavenumber ranges over the considered range of dynamic overlapping parameters.     

非均匀水流水域波浪的传播变形

将两个不同的、考虑波流相互作用和能量耗散项的、依赖时间变化的双曲型缓坡方程分别化 为一组等价的控制方程组,具体分析了底摩阻项对相对频率和波数矢的影响,从而选择了合 适的数学模型. 将所选择的缓坡方程化为依赖时间变化的抛物型方程,并用ADI法进 行数值求解,建立了缓变水深水域非均匀水流中波浪传播的数值模拟模型. 通过和波流共线 的解析解的比较,说明数值解和解析解相一致. 结合Arthur(1950)水流这一经典算例,定 量地讨论了考虑联合折射-绕射作用后的波数和仅考虑折射作用的波数的差别及其对波高分 布的影响. 在基本同样的条件下, 本文的数值解与他人的计算结果一致.     

High-Energy Long-Lived Emitting Mixed Excitons in Homopolymeric Adenine-Thymine DNA Duplexes

The publication deals with polymeric pA●pT and oligomeric A₂₀●T₂₀ DNA duplexes whose fluorescence is studied by time-correlated single photon counting. It is shown that their emission on the nanosecond timescale is largely dominated by high-energy components peaking at a wavelength shorter than 305 nm. Because of their anisotropy (0.02) and their sensitivity to base stacking, modulated by the duplex size and the ionic strength of the solution, these components are attributed to mixed ππ*/charge transfer excitons. As high-energy long-lived excited states may be responsible for photochemical reactions, their identification via theoretical studies is an important challenge.     

超薄异质结太阳能电池理论模拟计算及分析

采用AFORS-HET软件对超薄异质结太阳能电池的窗口层、本征层的掺杂浓度、厚度、带隙等参数进行了数值模拟和优化,结合实际具体分析了每个参数对超薄异质结电池性能的影响规律,且得出了最佳的优化参数。模拟结果表明:对于衬底厚度仅为80 μm的超薄异质结太阳能电池,随着窗口层厚度的增加,电池性能整体呈现下降的趋势,通过结合实际,得出窗口层的最佳厚度范围是5～9 nm;随着窗口层掺杂浓度的增加,电池性能整体呈现先增加后趋于恒定的趋势,窗口层理论上的最佳掺杂浓度范围为7×10¹⁹～8×10¹⁹;窗口层的带隙宽度对电池的开路电压和效率影响较大,对填充因子和短路电流有较小的影响,窗口层的最优带隙范围为1.85～2.0 eV。随着本征层厚度的增加,电池的填充因子FF和效率E_ff呈现先增加后减小的趋势,短路电流逐渐减小,而开路电压基本不变,本征层的最佳厚度是5～10 nm;当本征层的光学带隙小于1.8 eV时,对电池性能影响较小,当大于1.8 eV,电池性能急剧下降,因此本征层的最佳带隙范围是1.6～1.8 eV。     

自修复有机硅材料的制备策略

近年来，通过仿生生命体自我修复损伤这一现象而研制的自修复材料，可有效延长材料的使用寿命、提高材料的使用安全性、降低资源浪费，具有巨大的发展潜力。其中，自修复有机硅材料因兼具自我修复的功能和有机硅材料的优异性能，已成为当下的研究热点。由于外界刺激条件如紫外光、温度等是材料实现损伤自我修复的外在驱动力，在很大程度上影响着材料的修复效能，且不同的刺激条件具有不同的优缺点和应用领域。因此，本文将基于自修复过程中外界刺激因素的不同，对自修复有机硅材料尤其是近五年来的最新研究成果进行综述，从外援型和本征型自修复有机硅材料两方面入手，以本征型自修复有机硅材料为重点，并对自修复有机硅材料今后的发展进行了分析展望。