1.2 MV重复频率脉冲电源的测试诊断系统

为了更好分析系统的放电特性和工作状态,优化脉冲功率源系统的设计,研制了一套1.2 MV重复频率高功率微波驱动电源测试诊断系统。通过研究高电压、大电流测试技术和数据采集、信号处理、故障诊断技术,同时运用虚拟仪器和电磁兼容等技术,探索开发了一套重复频率脉冲电压电流测试诊断系统。结合系统的研制需求,通过分析各种数据采集设备的优缺点,硬件选用了凌华公司的PXI数据采集系统,软件采用LabVIEW,设计开发了重复频率快信号的采集诊断程序,研制出实时诊断系统,并在1.2 MV重复频率脉冲电源系统中应用,实现了对重复频率电源关键点电压电流的测试以及数据的诊断、处理和远程在线监测,出现故障时报警、存储数据并自动断电等功能。     

面向信息化战争的广义兰切斯特战争模型

21世纪是一个信息化时代,为了更好的面向信息化战争.通过对传统的兰切斯特微分方程进行改进,考虑了信息化的诸多因素,引入了战场情报感知系数和信息优势系数.构建了数学模型,并对其进行差分处理求解,比较分析了交战双方对战场感知系数变化和信息优势系数变化情况下,对战争的影响.以海湾战争为例,检验了模型的可行性.     

胜利断块油藏细分注水技术界限研究

老油田进入特高含水期后,剩余油分布更加零散,各种地质因素也因长期注水开发而发生了一定的改变.此时稳油控水难度进一步加大,为了进一步挖掘剩余油,控制含水上升速度、减缓产量递减,必须对注水井采取进一步的细分调整.基于水湿油藏注水井注水层段吸水效果,从注入水受力分析入手,运用达西定律推导出了水驱油藏水驱油全过程中的单位体积注入水沿竖直、地层两个方向运移的渗流速度公式,明晰了水驱油藏注水层段不同开发阶段砂岩吸水机理.研究结果表明,水驱油藏细分注水效果与岩石绝对渗透率、水相相对渗透率、注入水黏度、水动力压力梯度、注水井启动压力梯度、含水饱和度、地层倾角、油水密度差等参数有关.结合胜利油田断块油藏地质特征及细分注水工艺要求,制定了一套适合胜利油田不同断块区的细分注水技术政策界限:层段内渗透率变异系数小于0.3,砂岩条带宽度极比小于2.5,且东辛油区断块油藏层段内砂岩厚度小于6m,小层数小于4个;现河油区断块油藏层段内砂岩厚度小于5m,小层数小于5个;临盘油区断块油藏层段内砂岩厚度小于6m,小层数小于6个.矿场试验证实,该细分注水技术政策界限是合理、实用的,其为胜利断块油藏注上水、注够水、注好水,实现多层断块油藏的高效开发提供了技术保障,对类似油藏细分注水技术界限研究具有一定的借鉴意义.     

Study on parameters influencing analytical performance of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Lens-to-sample distances, delay time, atmospheric condition, laser pulse energy, etc. had obvious effects on the analytical performance of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. In this paper, these parameters are investigated in greater detail and we will explain how they have influences on the analytical performance. The results show that the focal plane under the sample surface can improve precision and detection limit, and the delay time should be decided according to sensitivity and accuracy. Spectral line intensity is stronger in argon than helium, nitrogen and air gas environment. Pulse energy should exceed energy threshold (about 50 mJ) which can generate plasma, and the energy should not exceed about 300 mJ to avoid plasma shielding. Under optimum parameters, concentration relative standard deviation of C, Si, Mn, P, S, Ni, and Cr for low-alloyed steel (sample number 11278) which were measured 11 times is 2.37%, 2.18%, 2.23%, 7.8%, 9.34%, 1.92%, and 2.13%, respectively. And the detection limit of C, Si, Mn, P, S, Ni, and Cr for pure steel is 0.0045%, 0.0072%, 0.0069%, 0.0027%, 0.0024%, 0.0047%, and 0.0024%, respectively.     

极紫外平场光栅光谱仪的研制和性能测试

研制了一台高分辨率极紫外光谱仪,用于磁约束等离子体诊断。采用一块具有平场特性的全息球面变线距光栅作为分光元件,光栅公称线密度为1 200 lines·mm-1,掠入射角为3°。一台可深度制冷、背照式面阵CCD作为光谱探测器,用机械快门控制曝光时间。通过CCD在光谱聚焦面的移动,可以记录的光谱范围为5～50 nm。用Penning放电光源测试了光谱仪的性能; 利用光源的标准谱线,进行了波长标定,波长精度为0.003 nm,并计算出系统各参数的实际值;当入缝宽度设置为30 μm时,在20 nm附近,光谱分辨率达0.015 nm,达到设计指标。     

阻尼最小二乘算法CARS光谱温度拟合

为了解决相干反斯托克斯喇曼散射（CARS）光谱CARSFT计算程序在温度拟合过程中,对初值依赖大、测量光谱信噪比差、不易收敛的问题,通过分析非线性迭代算法,采用了阻尼最小二乘算法对氮气CARS光谱进行温度拟合。针对CARS理论光谱计算公式较为复杂的特点,采用数值差分的方式来获得迭代计算时所需要的设计矩阵。分析了横向偏移、纵向偏移和温度三个主要参量对拟合残差的影响,发现纵向偏移的初值设置对温度拟合影响较大。拟合温度2000 K时的标准理论CARS光谱,设置偏离较大的初始值,采用阻尼最小二乘法获得了较好的结果。迭代计算167步后,温度拟合为2 005.6 K,残差为0.027 463。拟合光谱信噪比较差的CARS光谱,阻尼最小二乘法也能稳定收敛。结果验证了阻尼最小二乘法对初值的依赖不大,并且当拟合谱信噪比较差时也能收敛,可用于在恶劣环境下CARS测量光谱的拟合。     

工作记忆、中央执行功能与流体智力的关系分析

探讨工作记忆、中央执行功能子成分与流体智力的关系.以秦巴山区18～40岁健康成人为研究对象,通过对中央执行功能子成分、工作记忆广度以及流体智力的测量,分析了各变量之间的关系,并进一步探讨了中央执行功能各子成分的可分离性.得到 （1）工作记忆中的中央执行功能具有可分离性;（2）工作记忆广度与瑞文测验成绩之间的显著相关是刷新功能的作用;（3）相对于抑制功能和转换功能,刷新功能对流体智力具有更强的预测效应和解释力.     

Artificial intelligence-based microfluidic platforms for the sensitive detection of environmental pollutants: Recent advances and prospects

Environmental pollution and its drastic effects on human and animal health have urged governments to implement strict policies to minimize damage. The first step in applying such policies is to find reliable methods to detect pollution in various media, including water, food, soil, and air. In this regard, various approaches such as spectrophotometric, chromatographic, and electrochemical techniques have been proposed. To overcome the limitations associated with conventional analytical methods, microfluidic devices have emerged as sensitive technologies capable of generating high content information during the past few years. The passage of contaminant samples through the microfluidic channels provides essential details about the whole environment after detection by the detector. In the meantime, artificial intelligence is an ideal means to identify, classify, characterize, and even predict the data obtained from microfluidic systems. The development of microfluidic devices with integrated machine learning and artificial intelligence is promising for the development of next-generation monitoring systems. Combination of the two systems ensures time efficient setups with easy operation. This review article is dedicated to the recent developments in microfluidic chips coupled with artificial intelligence technology for the evolution of more convenient pollution monitoring systems.     

近红外二区活体荧光成像在肿瘤诊疗中的应用

由于具备组织穿透深度深和时空分辨率高等优势, 近年来近红外二区(Near-infrared-Ⅱ, NIR-Ⅱ, 1000~1700 nm)荧光成像技术得到了快速发展, 其在肿瘤临床诊断和治疗的潜力更是引发了广泛关注. 本文首先阐释了NIR-Ⅱ窗口荧光成像的原理及其优势, 随后根据结构分类归纳总结了现有荧光团的特征, 重点介绍了荧光探针在性能优化上的进展以及在肿瘤早期检测、 术中导航和光疗中的应用, 最后讨论了现有NIR-Ⅱ 荧光探针的局限以及临床转化面临的挑战, 并对未来的发展方向进行了展望.