Redox Economy in Organic Synthesis

Stimulus package for organic synthesis : The economy of step and atom usage has been widely reviewed and acknowledged as being useful frameworks to evaluate the efficiency of synthesis. This Review brings to attention another form of economy which should be considered in the planning and evaluation of a multistep synthesis: redox economy. Several guidelines and examples are included to illustrate the logic of this approach and to stimulate the design of syntheses.

     

考虑资本闲置的多年时滞人力资本投入占用产出模型

人力资本理论强调的是由教育所新增的人力资本对经济增长的决定作用.为了规划与中国经济持续增长相适应的人力资本需求,建立了一个新颖的考虑资本闲置的多年时滞投入占用产出模型.为了考虑人力资本时滞长的特点以及人力资本占用的损耗补偿,在斯通人口投入产出模型和Leontief动态投入产出模型基础上,提出了多年时滞人力资本投入占用产出模型.将LDS模型推广为考虑资本闲置的多年时滞人力资本投入占用产出模型,以便考虑影响教育产出的外生因素,并推导出既适于产出增加也适于产出减少的正解.应用上,预测至2015年的各种教育水平人力资本的总量和部门需求,发现高级人力资本短缺和人才行业结构不合理是经济发展需要解决的重要问题.     

基于灰色关联度的中国海洋产业结构分析

简要分析了中国海洋经济的发展现状与趋势, 着重对我国主要海洋产业进行了关联度分析, 得出我国海洋经济的支柱产业和主导产业以及海洋产业结构存在的问题, 并据此提出了中国海洋产业结构优化升级对策等方面的建议.     

基于多期有限理性的可再生资源寡头博弈模型与分析

本文讨论多期有限理性条件下可再生资源开发的寡头博弈模型。在每个经济时期以实现多个相邻时期的总贴现利润最大化为目的而得到双寡头决策者资源开发的最优策略组合,并以各期最优策略组合构建资源开发决策的动力系统。通过对系统的动力学分析,讨论了系统中各参数对系统的稳定性与稳定状态的作用与影响,并给出了相应的经济解释。分析了反馈控制系统的稳定性。最后通过对系统的数值模拟,分析了各参数的取值变化与系统稳定速度之间的关系。本文通过系统的稳定性分析获得的主要结论是,资源市场竞争的稳定与可持续发展与决策者注重后期经济利益的决策理性密切相关。     

制度落差与中国跨国企业海外进入模式关系研究

本文分析了制度落差与中国企业海外市场进入模式之间的关系,着重对比了制度顺差与制度逆差情况下,制度差异对企业海外进入模式决策的影响。研究发现,在正式制度顺差的情况下,东道国与母国间正式制度差异越大,企业越倾向于选择以合资形式建立子公司;在正式制度逆差情况下,东道国与母国间正式制度差异越大,企业越倾向于选择以全资形式建立子公司。同时发现,正式制度落差并不影响非正式制度对进入模式的影响方向,即随着母国与东道国非正式制度差异的增大,企业更倾向于以全资形式建立子公司。     

Recovery of Banana Waste-Loss from Production and Processing: A Contribution to a Circular Economy

Banana is a fruit grown mainly in tropical countries of the world. After harvest, almost 60% of banana biomass is left as waste. Worldwide, about 114.08 million metric tons of banana waste-loss are produced, leading to environmental problems such as the excessive emission of greenhouse gases. These wastes contain a high content of paramount industrial importance, such as cellulose, hemicellulose and natural fibers that various processes can modify, such as bacterial fermentation and anaerobic degradation, to obtain bioplastics, organic fertilizers and biofuels such as ethanol, biogas, hydrogen and biodiesel. In addition, they can be used in wastewater treatment methods by producing low-cost biofilters and obtaining activated carbon from rachis and banana peel. Furthermore, nanometric fibers commonly used in nanotechnology applications and silver nanoparticles useful in therapeutic cancer treatments, can be produced from banana pseudostems. The review aims to demonstrate the contribution of the recovery of banana production waste-loss towards a circular economy that would boost the economy of Latin America and many other countries of emerging economies.     

From Waste to Green Applications: The Use of Recovered Gold and Palladium in Catalysis

The direct use in catalysis of precious metal recovery products from industrial and consumer waste is a very promising recent area of investigation. It represents a more sustainable, environmentally benign, and profitable way of managing the low abundance of precious metals, as well as encouraging new ways of exploiting their catalytic properties. This review demonstrates the feasibility and sustainability of this innovative approach, inspired by circular economy models, and aims to stimulate further research and industrial processes based on the valorisation of secondary resources of these raw materials. The overview of the use of recovered gold and palladium in catalytic processes will be complemented by critical appraisal of the recovery and reuse approaches that have been proposed.     

企业研发组织沟通网络实证及优化策略研究

鉴于企业研发组织内部沟通网络对研发组织中高效、低成本地实现技术信息共享的重要性,本文首先介绍了结构洞的测度方法,并对中间中心性方法进行改进;其次分析了某企业研发组织沟通网络的结构洞情况,指出非正式沟通网络和专业沟通网络的相关性;然后通过比较改进的中心度算法、传统的中心度算法与限制度指标的相似性,验证了该算法的有效性;最后提出一种削弱沟通网络中“核心人物”垄断地位的“搭桥”策略。结果发现:改进的中心度算法适用于带权值沟通网络结构洞的测定,验证了该算法加权方法的有效性,并给出通过非正式组织促进技术信息共享的对策     

基于“黑箱”问题的政府碳排放调控政策设计及影响分析

本文在低碳经济背景下,针对我国制造企业生产和碳排放现状,在设定经济发展速度所决定的制造企业限额碳排放约束下,构建了基于“黑箱”问题的碳排放量-环境政策模型,研究政府如何制定碳税和补贴相结合的复合调控政策以控制企业的碳排放量。通过数值仿真结果,分析企业产量、产品价格与调控政策之间的关系,得出结论:基于“黑箱”问题的碳排放量-环境政策能够在降低碳排放量的同时维持企业的发展,单位碳税和超标碳排放量并不是一定的线性关系,但是总趋势可以看出,超标的碳排放量与单位碳税是正向关系;不同情境下的单一制造企业或不同情境下的多个制造企业的单位碳税和补贴不同,政府可以设置差异化碳税和补贴;碳税和补贴的变动对产品价格的变化幅度在-1%和1.5%之间,说明可以在降低碳排放量和满足生产量的同时使现实生活中产品的价格保持基本稳定。