Recovery of Banana Waste-Loss from Production and Processing: A Contribution to a Circular Economy

Banana is a fruit grown mainly in tropical countries of the world. After harvest, almost 60% of banana biomass is left as waste. Worldwide, about 114.08 million metric tons of banana waste-loss are produced, leading to environmental problems such as the excessive emission of greenhouse gases. These wastes contain a high content of paramount industrial importance, such as cellulose, hemicellulose and natural fibers that various processes can modify, such as bacterial fermentation and anaerobic degradation, to obtain bioplastics, organic fertilizers and biofuels such as ethanol, biogas, hydrogen and biodiesel. In addition, they can be used in wastewater treatment methods by producing low-cost biofilters and obtaining activated carbon from rachis and banana peel. Furthermore, nanometric fibers commonly used in nanotechnology applications and silver nanoparticles useful in therapeutic cancer treatments, can be produced from banana pseudostems. The review aims to demonstrate the contribution of the recovery of banana production waste-loss towards a circular economy that would boost the economy of Latin America and many other countries of emerging economies.     

From Waste to Green Applications: The Use of Recovered Gold and Palladium in Catalysis

The direct use in catalysis of precious metal recovery products from industrial and consumer waste is a very promising recent area of investigation. It represents a more sustainable, environmentally benign, and profitable way of managing the low abundance of precious metals, as well as encouraging new ways of exploiting their catalytic properties. This review demonstrates the feasibility and sustainability of this innovative approach, inspired by circular economy models, and aims to stimulate further research and industrial processes based on the valorisation of secondary resources of these raw materials. The overview of the use of recovered gold and palladium in catalytic processes will be complemented by critical appraisal of the recovery and reuse approaches that have been proposed.     

海洋经济信息数据库平台概要设计

在总结国内外海洋经济的产业分类和海洋信息化平台研究现状的基础上     

企业研发组织沟通网络实证及优化策略研究

鉴于企业研发组织内部沟通网络对研发组织中高效、低成本地实现技术信息共享的重要性,本文首先介绍了结构洞的测度方法,并对中间中心性方法进行改进;其次分析了某企业研发组织沟通网络的结构洞情况,指出非正式沟通网络和专业沟通网络的相关性;然后通过比较改进的中心度算法、传统的中心度算法与限制度指标的相似性,验证了该算法的有效性;最后提出一种削弱沟通网络中“核心人物”垄断地位的“搭桥”策略。结果发现:改进的中心度算法适用于带权值沟通网络结构洞的测定,验证了该算法加权方法的有效性,并给出通过非正式组织促进技术信息共享的对策     

基于“黑箱”问题的政府碳排放调控政策设计及影响分析

本文在低碳经济背景下,针对我国制造企业生产和碳排放现状,在设定经济发展速度所决定的制造企业限额碳排放约束下,构建了基于“黑箱”问题的碳排放量-环境政策模型,研究政府如何制定碳税和补贴相结合的复合调控政策以控制企业的碳排放量。通过数值仿真结果,分析企业产量、产品价格与调控政策之间的关系,得出结论:基于“黑箱”问题的碳排放量-环境政策能够在降低碳排放量的同时维持企业的发展,单位碳税和超标碳排放量并不是一定的线性关系,但是总趋势可以看出,超标的碳排放量与单位碳税是正向关系;不同情境下的单一制造企业或不同情境下的多个制造企业的单位碳税和补贴不同,政府可以设置差异化碳税和补贴;碳税和补贴的变动对产品价格的变化幅度在-1%和1.5%之间,说明可以在降低碳排放量和满足生产量的同时使现实生活中产品的价格保持基本稳定。     

Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Pyrroles and Indoles with Propargyl Alcohols

Several ruthenium‐catalyzed atom‐economic transformations of propargyl alcohols with pyrroles or indoles leading to alkylated, propargylated, or annulated heteroaromatics are reported. The mechanistically distinct reactions are catalyzed by a single ruthenium(0) complex containing a redox‐coupled dienone ligand. The mode of activation regarding the propargyl alcohols determines the reaction pathway and depends on the alcohols’ substitution pattern. Secondary substrates form alkenyl complexes by a 1,2‐hydrogen shift, whereas the transformation of tertiary substrates involves allenylidene intermediates. 1‐Vinyl propargyl alcohols are converted by a cascade allylation/cyclization sequence. The environmentally benign processes are of broad scope and allow the selective synthesis of highly functionalized pyrroles and indoles generating water as the only waste product.     

制造业集聚对劳动生产率影响的区域差异和产业差异

我国制造业由90年代开始急速向东部地区集聚,但近几年这种集聚态势有所减弱,甚至有一些东部地区行业向其他地区进行了转移,产业集聚存在区域差异导致这种现象的根本原因.并针对产业的行业差异给出产业转移建议.利用我国2007-2009年29个省、市、自治区(不包括青海和西藏)四位码制造业数据探索产业外部性对劳动生产率的影响及这种影响的区域差异和产业差异,有如下发现:首先,"地方化经济"的可分解为"就业密度"和"竞争程度".计量结果表明:1)地区差异:就全国样本来说,就业密度对劳动生产率有正向影响,但对东部地区的影响由2007年的显著正向影响转变为2009年的影响不显著.竞争程度对劳动生产率有正向影响,但2007-2009年三年间,其对东部地区的影响均小于对内陆地区的影响.表明东部地区已经逐步丧失考劳动力集聚所得到的优势,且竞争的负面影响有所显现,2)行业差异:竞争程度对劳动生产率的影响因行业而不同,劳动密集型行业受到竞争程度的正向影响更大,而资本密集型行业受到竞争程度的正向影响较小,即同行业的集聚对劳动密集型行业有利,而对资本密集型行业影响较小,这也是创新点之一.最后,对计量结果进行了现实性分析并提出政策建议,建议劳动密集型行业由东部向中部转移,因为东部已失去了单纯靠劳动力数目提高劳动生产率的优势,并且东部地区企业竞争的负面效应有所显现,同时中部地区也有能力做好承接工作,但是这还要建立在中部加速自身发展和建设的基础之上.     

On optimal proportional reinsurance and investment in a Markovian regime-switching economy

In this paper, the surplus of an insurance company is modeled by a Markovian regimeswitching diffusion process. The insurer decides the proportional reinsurance and investment so as to increase revenue. The regime-switching economy consists of a fixed interest security and several risky shares. The optimal proportional reinsurance and investment strategies with no short-selling constraints for maximizing an exponential utility on terminal wealth are obtained.     

基于流率入树枝向量行列式算法的循环经济系统增长反馈分析

设计了江西省萍乡市兰坡村“猪-沼-粮”循环经济系统工程的流率入树模型,并利用流率入树枝向量行列式算法得到了系统的反馈环,在反馈环基础上,构造了系统增长基模,得到结论,以沼气工程（沼肥）为纽带,发展养殖业能实现生猪养殖、稻谷种植和蔬菜种植之间的良性循环,能够达到稻谷增产和收入增长,在微观层面上实现粮食安全和农民增收双赢。     

生物添加剂对汽油机燃油经济性及废气排放影响的研究

将一种棕榈油提取物作为添加剂,加入汽油中以研究其对汽油机燃油经济性和排放品质的影响。针对市场上正使用的辛烷值为93#的高清洁汽油和乙醇汽油,通过发动机台架试验对加剂前后的汽油机性能指标进行了对比和分析．结果表明:加入此种添加剂后对各种汽油的燃油经济性有大幅改善作用,对乙醇汽油的效果尤甚。加剂后可以使乙醇汽油的燃油经济性与普通汽油完全一样。对于93#高清洁汽油,除了未燃碳氢(HC)略有上升外,其他排放物如氮氧化物 (Nox)、一氧化碳等有所减少, CO2排放有明显的改善。对于乙醇汽油,则HC和CO2略有上升。