Hydrogen Isotope Absorption in Unary Oxides and Nitrides with Anion Vacancies and Substitution

The absorption states of hydrogen isotopes in various ceramic materials were investigated by density functional theory. For pristine ceramic materials, main-group oxides do not form any bond with a hydrogen atom. However, transition metal oxides form hydroxyl groups and absorb hydrogen atoms. Main-group and transition metal nitrides form ionic bonds between a hydrogen atom and the surrounded cation. For anion-deficient ceramic materials, hydrogen atoms are negatively charged because of excess electrons induced by anion vacancies, and ionic bonds form with the surrounded cation, which stabilizes the hydrogen absorption state. N substitutional doping into oxides introduces an electron hole, while O substitutional doping into the nitrides introduces an excess of electrons. Therefore, hydrogen isotopes form covalent bonds in N-substituted oxides, and form hydride ions in O-substituted nitrides. Thus, Al₂O₃, SiO₂, CrN, and TiN are promising materials as hydrogen permeation barriers.     

多组分连续流动高选择性合成(Z)-N-乙烯基环N,O-缩醛衍生物

本工作发展了一种三组分在连续流动技术下高效制备(Z)-N-乙烯基环N,O-缩醛衍生物的合成方法. 以廉价易得原料为反应起始物, 在连续流动技术下发生可控的串联环化反应, 反应经历一个独特的分子内重排过程形成C—O和 C—N键. 最终, 高选择、精准合成含氮、氧六元环和七元环杂环分子, 两步合成仅需50 min. 连续流动合成技术的运用避免了多组分反应中两组分反应不彻底和副反应等问题, 提供了一种高选择性组装多组分可替代的合成方法, 产率高达96%, 为化工原料高值转化利用提供借鉴.     

Selective Recovery of Ammonia Nitrogen from Wastewaters with Transition Metal-Loaded Polymeric Cation Exchange Adsorbents

Extracting valuable products from wastewaters with nitrogen-selective adsorbents can offset energy-intensive ammonia production, rebalance the nitrogen cycle, and incentivize environmental remediation. Separating nitrogen (N) as ammonium from other wastewater cations (e.g., K⁺, Ca²⁺) presents a major challenge to N removal from wastewater and N recovery as high-purity products. High selectivity and capacity were achieved through ligand exchange of ammonia with ammine-complexing transition metals loaded onto polymeric cation exchange resins. Compared to commercial resins, metal–ligand exchange adsorbents exhibited higher ammonia removal capacity (8 mequiv g⁻¹) and selectivity (N/K⁺ equilibrium selectivity of 10.1) in binary equimolar solutions. Considering optimal ammonia concentrations (200–300 mequiv L⁻¹) and pH (9–10) for metal–ligand exchange, hydrolyzed urine was identified as a promising candidate for selective TAN recovery. However, divalent cation exchange increased transition metal elution and reduced ammonia adsorption. Ultimately, metal–ligand exchange adsorbents can advance nitrogen-selective separations from wastewaters.     

基于物质流分析的宁波市经济-环境系统研究

运用物质流分析方法对2005~2011年宁波市经济系统的物质输入与输出进行分析, 探讨了宁波市经济发展与环境压力的关系, 找出影响环境压力的重要因素. 结果表明, 在2005~2011年间, 宁波市的物质输入输出平均增长速度分别为8.8%和9.1%, 宁波市的经济发展对进口物质的依赖性日趋上升. 结合环境库茨涅茨曲线, 得出宁波市目前还未达到后工业化阶段, 经济发展仍是高消耗、高排放的传统经济增长模式, 对资源和环境产生了很大的压力. 根据IPAT模型, 要缓解这种环境压力, 提高科技水平和经济是关键. 因此, 宁波市必须切实转变经济增长方式, 发展循环经济.     

演化经济地理学视角海岛县经济发展路径研究--以浙江省为例

改革开放以来,浙江海岛县产业结构发生显著变化：1990年前以海洋渔业居主导地位,1990~2000年旅游业快速崛起主导第三产业成长,2000年以来水产加工与船舶修造等临港工业快速成长主导二、三产业强劲发展.2011年国家海洋经济示范区和舟山群岛国家新区战略实施,既强化了浙江海岛县重要地位,又带给海岛县发展压力.研究发现：(1)浙江海岛县经济总体处于“二三一”强化型阶段;(2)浙江海岛县经济发展路径依赖显著,即强烈依赖于独特海洋资源(深水岸线、海岛及海洋旅游资源)和毗邻地区国家战略实施等;(3)浙江海岛县海洋经济发展的优势资源锁定效应较显著,且伴随基础设施完善日趋强化.研究认为应从浙江海岛县竞争性优势资源的经济演化路径锁定效应破解入手,形成海岛县海洋产业选择与培育的新路径;并应超越竞争性优势资源、国家战略催化等新路径锁定效应,以促进浙江海岛县海洋经济可持续发展.     

考虑路网可靠性和空间公平性的次优拥挤收费模型

根据随机路网环境下出行者规避风险的路径选择行为,提出了一种考虑路网可靠性和空间公平性的次优拥挤收费双层规划模型。其中,上层模型以具有空间公平性约束条件下最大化路网的社会福利为目标,下层模型是实施拥挤收费条件下考虑行程时间可靠性的弹性需求用户平衡模型。鉴于双层规划模型的复杂性,设计了基于遗传算法和FrankWolfe算法的组合式算法来求解提出的模型。算例结果表明:考虑行程时间可靠性的次优拥挤收费会产生不同于传统次优拥挤收费的平衡流量分布模式,表明出行者的路径选择行为对拥挤收费结果会产生直接影响;此外,算例结果还说明遗传算法对参数设置具有很强的鲁棒性。     

基于偏好和动态直觉的产学研合作伙伴选择群决策分析

针对产学研合作伙伴选择的有限理性和偏好特性,基于直觉模糊多属性决策理论和相对熵理论,构建产学研合作伙伴选择群决策模型。运用动态直觉模糊加权几何算子(DIFWG)集成合作伙伴不同时段的个人准则决策矩阵,实现对产学研合作伙伴持续性的评价;运用直觉模糊有序加权平均算子(IFOWA)集成不同决策者的决策矩阵和偏好矩阵,并利用决策者对合作伙伴的主观偏好与对合作伙伴各准则的客观评价之间差距的极小化,基于加权平均思想,求取评价准则的客观权重;然后,引入相对熵求取评价对象理想的最优权重解,依据该解对各合作伙伴进行排序并选择;最终通过实证研究说明了该方法的有效性和可行性,充分利用直觉模糊理论,实现了产学研合作伙伴的“群偏好—多时段—群决策”的全面评价。     

Equilibria of noncompact abstract economies in general almost convex strategy spaces

We first extend the concept of almost convex condition and establish a fixed point theorem for correspondences with convex values only on an almost convex subset for their ranges. This generalizes both results of Himmelberg [C.J. Himmelberg, Fixed points of compact multifunctions, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 38 (1972) 205–207] and the result of Jafari and Sehgal [F. Jafari, V.M. Sehgal, An extension to a theorem of Himmelberg, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 327 (2007) 298–301]. Furthermore, applying it, we have existence theorems for equilibria of noncompact abstract economies in general almost convex strategy spaces. Our theorems generalize the corresponding results of Zhou [Jianxin Zhou, On the existence of equilibrium for abstract economies, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 193 (1995) 839–858], Tan and Wu [K.-K. Tan, Z. Wu, A note on abstract economies with upper semicontinuous correspondence, Appl. Math. Lett. 11 (5) (1998) 21–22] in several ways. In particular, we answer the question raised by Zhou in the reference cited above in the affirmative with weaker hypotheses.     

旅游经济发展时空差异演进研究——以浙江省为例

运用空间计量方法研究浙江省旅游经济的总体差异和市际分异,探讨浙江旅游经济时空差异演进影响因素.研究发现:(1)浙江旅游经济时空差异整体呈现绝对差异不断扩大、相对差异不断缩小的趋势,市际层面呈现不均衡发展;(2)浙江旅游经济空间分异受旅游资源禀赋、经济发展水平、交通、区位等影响显著.针对浙江海洋经济战略,从海陆统筹等方面提出促进浙江旅游可持续发展的建议.     

宁波-舟山海洋经济整合发展研究

采用定性、定量方法对比分析了宁波-舟山海洋经济的发展,结果发现:(1)甬舟两地历史文化一脉相承、区域经济联系密切、海洋产业结构互补、国家层面的统一规划是甬舟整合发展的基础.(2)交通通达度不高和海洋科教力量薄弱是甬舟整合发展的制约因素.进而从行政管理、市场、资源禀赋、区域经济发展水平等方面提出甬舟整合的驱动力体系,并围绕重大基础设施对接、港口功能定位优化、城镇功能导向互动、重要海洋产业的链式整合4个方面提出甬舟海洋经济整合的路径.