Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Ramosetron Hydrochloride

A new method for the synthesis of ramosetron hydrochloride, the most wildly used 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist, was reported. The intermediate 8 was obtained in a high e.e. value via lipase catalyzed hydrolytic kinetic resolution. Then enantiomerically pure ramosetron hydrochloride was synthesized in two steps with excellent yield (the total yield is 24.6%). The method provides a new environment friendly and atom economy way to synthesize enantiomerically pure ramosetron.     

Olive Trees By-Products as Sources of Bioactive and Other Industrially Useful Compounds: A Systematic Review

The need to produce an ever-increasing quantity of material products and food resulting from the planet globalization process has contributed to the spread of modern agriculture based on a linear production resulting in the generation of tons of waste. This huge amount of waste is generally accumulated in landfills, causing different environmental problems. Hence, researchers moved on to study the processes used to recover agro-industrial by-products within a circular and sustainable bio-economy concept. A systematic quest on Scopus and PubMed databases was performed to identify the data available to date on recycling agro-industrial by-products of Olea europaea L. This systematic review summarizes the knowledge regarding the use of olive trees by-products for producing animal feed, biocomposites, bioethanol, cellulose pulp, activated carbon, and as a fuel source for energy production. Furthermore, the data regarding the potential biological activity of extracts from olive roots, wood, bark, and pruning were analyzed. Olive trees by-products are, indeed, rich in molecules with antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and anticancer activity, representing a promising candidate for treat several human diseases.     

基于突变级数的知识密集型制造业技术创新能力动态综合评价——变化速度特征的视角

为了进一步测度评价对象整体的变化速度发展态势,结合已有关于评价对象静态评价模型、变化速度状态和趋势测量模型的研究,以信息集结视角和“激励与惩罚”手段,运用变化速度趋势对变化速度状态进行修正,构建了融合变化速度状态和趋势等变化速度特征的变化速度动态综合评价模型。并以我国30个省区作为样本进行实证研究,得出各省区2005年~2011年间知识密集型制造业技术创新能力截面静态和变化速度动态综合评价结果,结果表明:知识密集型制造业技术创新能力较高的东部发达省份,其变化速度上升趋势微弱,甚至不少省份呈现递减状态;而知识密集型制造业技术创新能力较低的中西部省份,多数地区变化速度上升趋势显著,且上升趋势幅度高于多数东部省区。     

Rapid Generation of Molecular Complexity by Chemical Synthesis: Highly Efficient Total Synthesis of Hexacyclic Alkaloid (−)‐Chaetominine and Its Biosynthetic Implications

The efficiency becomes a key issue in today's natural product total synthesis. While biomimetic synthesis is one of the most elegant strategies to achieve synthetic efficiency and thus to approach the ideal synthesis, most biogenetic pathways are unknown or unconfirmed. In this account, we demonstrate, through the shortest and also the most efficient asymmetric total syntheses of the hexacyclic alkaloid (?)‐chaetominine to date, that on the basis of biogenetic thinking, one can develop quite efficient bio‐inspired total synthesis, which in turn serves to suggest and chemically validate plausible biosynthetic routes for the natural product. The synthetic strategy thus developed is also inspiring for the development of other synthetic methods and efficient total synthesis of other natural products.     

基于DEA的区域经济可持续发展能力的动态评价

在分析区域经济可持续发展问题的基础上,从区域经济竞争的角度提出区域经济可持续发展能力的评价问题.在此基础上,设计区域经济可持续发展能力的评价指标体系,利用数据包洛分析模型分析与研究不同区域之间的可持续发展能力的强弱变化,同时分析可持续发展能力强弱差异形成的原因,提出相应的解决方法.     

中国海洋经济可持续发展能力省际空间差异研究——基于组合综合评价方法

海洋经济可持续发展是实现海洋经济强国发展战略的重要手段,定量评价海洋经济可持续发展水平及其特征是合理开发海洋资源、发展海洋经济的重要保证.在构建我国海洋经济可持续发展能力评价指标体系基础上,运用组合综合评价方法定量分析我国11个沿海地区海洋经济可持续发展类型及其发展对策.     

基于因子分析的区域经济不平衡发展研究

以构建的区域经济发展三维评价指标体系,作为GIS(地理信息系统)相应粒度多边形的主要属性,建立空间时态数据库.通过定义的相对发展度函数进行指标规范化后,经标准化并虚拟优、劣样品,利用因子分析将之变换为因子得分。在此基础,提出加权闵可夫斯基距离法三维评价模型,引入方差、聚集度等测度不平衡程度,通过序列快照模型等表达区域经济发展不平衡格局的动态,根据公因子方差、序相关分析等进行因素诊断与调控。方法应用于福建南平市区域经济不平衡发展研究中,实证表明方法方便、有效。     

A fast algorithm for numerical solutions to Fortet's equation

A fast algorithm for computation of default times of multiple firms in a structural model is presented. The algorithm uses a multivariate extension of the Fortet's equation and the structure of Toeplitz matrices to significantly improve the computation time. In a financial market consisting of M1 firms and N discretization points in every dimension the algorithm uses O(nlogn·M·M!·N^M(M-1)/2) operations, where n is the number of discretization points in the time domain. The algorithm is applied to firm survival probability computation and zero coupon bond pricing.     

海洋科技投入与海洋经济增长:中国沿海地区面板数据实证研究

开发海洋资源、发展海洋经济对于拓展国民经济和社会发展空间、加快转变经济发展方式、全面建设小康社会具有重大战略意义.加大海洋科技投入,促进海洋科技进步和创新是加快转变海洋经济发展方式的重要举措.根据海洋经济双对数生产函数模型,对我国11个沿海地区2001-2011年海洋经济面板数据的计量分析表明:海洋资本、海洋科技和海洋劳动的弹性系数均为正数;当3个要素投入每增长1个标准差,将引致海洋产出平均增长1.0412、0.1633、0.6837个标准差;海洋资本对海洋经济增长的贡献度最大,而海洋科技的经济增长贡献度最小,我国沿海地区海洋经济增长仍然表现为资本、劳动双要素投入驱动型.从优化主要海洋产业比重、调整海洋经济要素投入构成、提高海洋科技成果转化效益、发挥海洋科技人才主体作用等4个方面提出加快发展海洋经济的对策和措施.     

EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATE AND TARIFFS ON AN OPEN ECONOMY OF SCARCITY OF CAPITAL

§ 1　 The ModelWe consider an economy,which is specialized in the production of a single tradablecommodity.The economy is also characterized by an exogenous growing population N =N0 ent(N0 >0 ,n>0 ) .The labor force is a constantfraction of the population and the techni-cal progress is subsumed into population growing.This paper assumes thatthe labor forceis equal to population,i.e.the fraction is1 .The representative firm(or household) in thiseconomy produces domestic outputy(t) by means o…