Pressurized Extraction as an Opportunity to Recover Antioxidants from Orange Peels: Heat treatment and Nanoemulsion Design for Modulating Oxidative Stress

Orange peel by-products generated in the food industry are an important source of value-added compounds that can be potentially reused. In the current research, the effect of oven-drying (50–70 °C) and freeze-drying on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential from Navelina, Salustriana, and Sanguina peel waste was investigated using pressurized extraction (ASE). Sixty volatile components were identified by ASE-GC-MS. The levels of terpene derivatives (sesquitenenes, alcohols, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, and esters) remained practically unaffected among fresh and freeze-dried orange peels, whereas drying at 70 °C caused significative decreases in Navelina, Salustriana, and Sanguina peels. Hesperidin and narirutin were the main flavonoids quantified by HPLC-MS. Freeze-dried Sanguina peels showed the highest levels of total-polyphenols (113.3 mg GAE·g⁻¹), total flavonoids (39.0 mg QE·g⁻¹), outstanding values of hesperedin (187.6 µg·g⁻¹), phenol acids (16.54 mg·g⁻¹ DW), and the greatest antioxidant values (DPPH•, FRAP, and ABTS^•+ assays) in comparison with oven-dried samples and the other varieties. Nanotechnology approaches allowed the formulation of antioxidant-loaded nanoemulsions, stabilized with lecithin, starting from orange peel extracts. Those provided 70–80% of protection against oxidative UV-radiation, also decreasing the ROS levels into the Caco-2 cells. Overall, pressurized extracts from freeze-drying orange peel can be considered a good source of natural antioxidants that could be exploited in food applications for the development of new products of commercial interest.     

港口、航运服务业与城市经济耦合协调发展评价

港产城协调发展对于提升港口竞争力和城市经济发展水平具有重要意义.基于耦合协调发展机理,构建了港口、航运服务业与城市经济复合系统耦合发展评价指标体系,采用熵值法赋予指标权重,运用综合评价模型与耦合协调评价模型研究了港口、航运服务业与城市经济三者之间的耦合协调发展水平.以宁波市为例进行了数据分析,结果表明,2011—201...     

EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATE AND TARIFFS ON AN OPEN ECONOMY OF SCARCITY OF CAPITAL

§ 1　 The ModelWe consider an economy,which is specialized in the production of a single tradablecommodity.The economy is also characterized by an exogenous growing population N =N0 ent(N0 >0 ,n>0 ) .The labor force is a constantfraction of the population and the techni-cal progress is subsumed into population growing.This paper assumes thatthe labor forceis equal to population,i.e.the fraction is1 .The representative firm(or household) in thiseconomy produces domestic outputy(t) by means o…     

市场经济体制下水资源管理形式探讨

水资源管理是一个动态、多层次、复杂的系统工程。文章分析了传统的水资源管理体制存在的弊端,着重探讨了社会主义市场经济体制下应该采取的水资源管理办法,旨在促进水资源的可持续利用及国民经济和社会的可持续发展。     

Some New Types of KKM Theorem in H spaces with Applications

本文证明了Ｈ－空中的几个新型非空交定理．作为应用,文中得到了向量值极大极小定理和不动点定理,并研究了抽象经济平衡问题．     

绿色化学与有机合成及有机合成中的原子经济性

本文概述了有机合成和绿色化学的关系, 并介绍了原子经济性的概念及其在有机合成中的重要性。对21 世纪的化学发展提出了希望。     

Catalyst-free,ethylene glycol promoted one-pot three component synthesis of 3-amino alkylated indoles via Mannich-type reaction

A highly efficient and sustainable approach for the multi-component synthesis of biologically important 3-amino alkylated indoles has been investigated via Mannich-type reaction under catalyst-free, ethylene glycol as a recyclable promoting medium. The wide applicability of the present method was examined with various substrates viz substituted aldehydes, indoles and secondary amines. This method will be useful for a large scale synthesis of 3-amino alkylated indoles without the use of column chromatography. The present method provides higher environmental compatibility and sustainability factors such as smaller E-factor (0.433) and higher atom-economy (AE = 93.3%).     

修正的CES模型与印度经济增长分析

通过对CES模型的修正，反映技术水平对一国经济增长的影响，并将修正后的模型用于对印度过去近30年经济增长的实际分析，得出结论：20世纪90年代以来，印度经济增长过程中在劳动技术水平有所提高的同时，资本技术水平却较为显著地下降，因此印度政府应深化经济体制改革，提高资本的使用效率。     

随机Solow经济增长模型及其解的性质

１９８７年诺贝尔（Ｎｏｂｅｌ）经济学奖获得者Ｓｏｌｏｗ教授，建立了确定性的经济增长模型（１９５６年）．它比较真实地描述了现实世界申的确定性的经济增长状况，然而对不确定性的现象，往往误差较大，甚至失效．本文把Ｓｏｌｏｗ模型扩展到随机情形，扩展了Ｂａｎａｃｈ压缩映像原理和不动点定理，获得了随机Ｓｏｌｏｗ模型主要方程和随机解的一些性质．     

社会主义市场经济的数学问题初探——兼论市场经济宏观调控的手段

本文首先给出计划经济和市场经济相结合的数学模型;然后用线性规划的对偶理论证明其解的存在性和解的可操作性,从而证明了计划经济和市场经济是能够结合的,且给出具体结合的方法;最后还给出模型中若干数量的经济解释。