Industrial Applications of Dimeric Surfactants: A Review

Dimeric surfactants also known as gemini surfactants have received lots of attention for high performance formulations in the various scientific and commercial products. Due to the greater amount of hydrocarbon per molecule, the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of dimeric are typically one order of magnitude lower than the corresponding monomeric surfactant. They are ten to hundred times more efficient at reducing the surface tension of water and the interfacial tension of the oil-water interface than conventional surfactants. Besides, the Krafft temperatures of gemini surfactants with hydrophilic spacers are generally very low giving these surfactants the capacity to be used in cold water. These surfactants display a range of interesting properties, including elevated surface activity, extremely low CMC and extraordinary rheology and self-assimilation aspect. As a consequence of these properties, they have many potential applications include detergents and cleaning agents, cosmetics, textile, and dyeing, dispersion stabilization and emulsion polymerization, genetics science, pharmaceutical, and biological applications.      

“三合一”仪器分析平台的建设

立足于现有分析仪器,通过建立“三合一”仪器分析平台,将学生实习、教师科研、企业检测等3方面需求结合起来。仪器分析平台以“准专业化”方式运作,具有如下功能:(1)增加了学生实习时间和就业机会;(2)改善了教师科研条件,缓解了实验压力;(3)为本地小微企业提供了就近的检测服务;(4)为学校和企业提供了技术合作平台。     

化学工程:从基础研究到工业应用

本文介绍了我国中长期发展规划中所制定的化学化工学科发展目标,综述了化学工程学科近十余年来在队伍建设、平台建设和国家级奖励等方面所取得的成果,列举了若干化学工程在传递与过程强化、化工分离过程、精细与药物化工、能源化工和材料化工领域从基础研究到工业化应用的例子和成果,展望了化学工程学科今后发展的方向及目标.     

The future of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization

We examine the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process with regard to its potential and limits in future industrial applications (including those conducted on a larger scale) as well as materials science. The outlook for the RAFT process is bright: Its unrivaled inherent process simplicity coupled with a wide tolerance to monomer classes and functionalities makes it a prime candidate for the use in large reactors. At the same time, it allows for ready access to complex macromolecular architectures of variable shape and size. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5715–5723, 2008     

Degradation Study of Polymers from Renewable Resources and their Compositions in Industrial Composting Pile

Summary: Polyesters produced from renewable resources and susceptible to hydrolysis under the industrial composting conditions offer ecological advantages as compared to thermoplastics polymers and elastomers produced from fossil carbon sources. In this paper the degradation behaviour of polymer compositions of BTA, PLA and a-PHB in natural environment of industrial composting pile, consisting of leaves - 40%, branches - 30% and grass - 30%, have been presented. The extend of degradation was monitored by macroscopic observations of sample surfaces, changes of molecular weight, polydispersity and composition of the tested materials and their weight loss.     

Light Hydrocarbon Separations Using Porous Organic Framework Materials

Light hydrocarbons (C₁–C₃) are used as basic energy feedstocks and as commodity organic compounds for the production of many industrially necessary chemicals. Due to the nature of the raw materials and production processes, light hydrocarbons are generated as mixtures, but the high-purity single-component products are of vital importance to the petrochemical industry. Consequently, the separation of these C₁–C₃ products is a crucial industrial procedure that comprises a significant share of the total global energy consumption per year. As a complement to traditional separation methods (distillation, partial hydrogenation, etc.), adsorptive separations using porous solids have received widespread attention due to their lower energy costs and higher efficiency. Extensive research has been devoted to the use of porous materials such as zeolites and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as solid adsorbents for these key separations, owing to the high porosity, tunable pore structures, and unsaturated metal sites present in these materials. Recently, porous organic framework (POF) materials composed of organic building blocks linked by covalent bonds have also shown excellent properties in light hydrocarbon adsorption and separation, sparking interest in the use of these materials as adsorbents in separation processes. This Minireview summarizes the recent advances in the use of POFs for light hydrocarbon separations, including the separation of mixtures of methane/ethane, methane/propane, ethylene/ethane, acetylene/ethylene, and propylene/propane, while highlighting the relationships between the structural features of these materials and their separation performances. Finally, the difficulties, challenges, and opportunities associated with leveraging POFs for light hydrocarbon separations are discussed to conclude the review.     

水淬渣-累托石颗粒吸附材料的制备及应用

研究了水淬渣-累托石颗粒吸附材料制备工艺条件、再生方法及其去除铜冶炼工业废水中重金属的条件.试验结果表明,累托石与水淬渣的比例为1∶1,另加入10%的添加剂(IS)和50%的水,焙烧温度为400℃时,制成的颗粒吸附材料体积密度为1.06kg/m3,显气孔率为62.29%,吸水率为58.82%,抗压强度为2.22Mpa,吸附效果好,散失率较低.在未调节铜冶炼工业废水pH值的条件下,颗粒吸附材料用量为0.05g/cm3,反应时间为40min,吸附温度为25℃(常温)时,Cu2 、Pb2 、Zn2 、Cd2 、Ni2 的去除率分别为98.2%、96.3%、78.6%、86.2%、64.2%,处理后的水符合国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)一级标准.颗粒吸附材料对Zn2 、Cu2 有很好的选择性.吸附饱和的颗粒吸附材料用1mol/L氯化钠溶液再生效果好.该颗粒吸附材料具有分离容易、可重复使用、处理效果好、应用前景广阔的优点.     

工业过程在线控制气相色谱仪中柱切系统的研制

根据某石化总厂生产过程控制23套在线气相色谱仪中柱切系统国产化的实际需要,在气相色谱专家系统研究的基础上,通过选择正确的柱系统,并采用基于反吹、前吹、中心切割等基本柱切方法为基础的组合式柱切技术,配以往长、流量、流动方向和柱温的调节,取得了圆满成功。实际使用证明,所研制柱子的性能达到日本原装柱的水平,寿命为1～3年不等。     

COD速测仪测定工业废水中CODCr

采用标准回流法和仪器法（用ＣＯＤ速测仪）对工业废水化学需氧量进行对照测定，结果发现，用ＣＯＤ速测仪测定工业废水，简便、快速、精密度好、准确度高。