S曲线与产业结构调整

高新技术革命是当今社会变革当中的热点之一,它影响着国民经济的方方面面,文章从高新技术的一个独特现象——Ｓ曲线出发,分析了这一现象在产业结构调整中的表现,并结合我国经济的现状,提出了我国企业面对这次革命的应有对策     

Thermal Behaviour of Silica Waste from a Geothermal Power Station and Derived Silica Ceramics

The silica waste originating from a geothermal power plant in Mexico was investigated with the aim of finding its applicability as a raw secondary material for ceramics production. The thermal behaviour of the original silica waste (containing NaCl and KCl from marine brine) and of the purified silica was characterized by means of DTA/TG, emanation thermal analysis (ETA) and thermodilatometry (TD). The reactivity of the purified silica waste mixed with CaCO₃ (1.8 mass%) was characterized by means of ETA, DTA and TG. The microstructures and phase compositions of the final products prepared by heating in air were tested by means of X-ray diffraction and of scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The thermal analysis methods allowed determination of the optimal conditions for thermal treatment of the silica waste in order to obtain partly sintered porous materials for use as refractory bricks. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

快速气相色谱法测定汽车工业废气中芳烃排放量

采用气体直接进样及快速程序升温气相色谱法,能在８０ｓ内快速,简单地测定废气中芳烃等多种组分的含量。在本方法中,芳烃的最低检出浓度为０．１ｍｇ／ｍ６３,该方法允在两周内测定了汽车喷漆车间４８个排气口的５７６个样品,具有简单,快速,灵敏,实用等优点,特别适合于涂装工业气体稀释溶剂样品的测定。     

Mixing dynamics of a vapor-condensate cloud with the ambient air

The mixing of a wet vapor with a gas is studied using analytical and numerical models. The one-dimensional problem of diffusion mixing accompanied by phase transitions is solved in a self-similar formulation. The versions of mixing of the vapor with a cold and warm gas and with a superheated vapor are analyzed. The atmospheric diffusion of immediate emissions containing water vapor and condensate is modeled numerically in a three-dimensional formulation. A study is made of the evolution of hydrodynamic, concentration, and temperature fields as a function of the initial emission parameters (temperature and humidity) and ambient air parameters. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 114–127, May–June, 2008.     

钛基氧化铱电极电沉积制备技术研究进展

钛基氧化铱电极作为DSA(dimension stable anode)中的典型电极,广泛应用于各个领域.目前工业生产的钛基氧化铱电极主要由传统热分解法制备,存在成本高昂,工艺繁琐,依赖人工劳动,无法大规模生产等问题,十分有必要探索开发新的制备技术.本文从沉积液配方、基底材料的选择及处理、电沉积方式以及沉积时间等方面系...     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定辛菌胺危险废物工业盐中9种重金属元素

采用王水消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）对辛菌胺生产工艺中产生的危险废物工业盐中9种重金属元素Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cr、Be、Ba、As、Ni 同时进行测定。研究了固液比、提取时间、提取温度等对样品重金属浸出浓度的影响,并通过高盐基体同重金属元素一起建立标准曲线以消除基体干扰。9种重金属在各自的检测范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,方法的检出限为0.0001～0.03 mg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为 0.20%～1.84%,样品加标回收率为 93.0%～104.6%,废盐中杂质元素含量均未超过GB 5085.3-2007中浸出毒性危害成分浓度限值。该方法操作简便,测定快速、结果准确并且检出限低,满足测定要求,适用于高盐危险废物中9种重金属元素的浸出毒性分析测定。     

工业含铬废水的络合萃取处理工艺研究

采用络合萃取法处理工业含铬废水,考察了起始pH、流速和接触时间等对络合萃取处理效果的影响,探讨了铬盐生产废水和电镀废水的处理工艺。结果表明;在废水起始pH为1.0-2.0时,络合萃取法能方便、快速、有效地去除废水中的六价铬。络合萃取．碱沉淀法适用于六价铬含量远大于三价铬含量的电镀废水的处理,氧化．络合萃取法可用于三价铬含量较高的电镀废水的处理。采用两级处理能使高浓度铬盐生产废水的出水达到国家排放标准。     

Laser computed tomography of opaque industrial products measured by coherent detection imaging method

The coherent detection imaging method with a low-power He–Ne laser as the source is used to obtain transillumination laser computed tomographic and two-dimensional (2D) images of opaque industrial products such as fluorescent lamps and electric light bulbs. This method is principally based on the optical heterodyne detection technique that has the highest sensitivity along with excellent selectivity in terms of coherence, polarization and high directionality. Structures of the filament and electrode enclosed in the opaque glass were clearly identified with submillimeter resolution.     

中国脉冲功率科技进展简述

从脉冲功率科学技术的基本内涵出发,回顾我国脉冲功率发展历史,按照高功率脉冲加速器建设历程,我国脉冲功率技术发展史可大致分成三个阶段:自主创业、加速成长到创新超越;尝试以国际视野介绍我国在闪光照相、Z箍缩、高功率微波、电磁发射和工业应用等方面的发展成就;简要阐述脉冲功率技术未来发展趋势,建议大力发展先进辐射源技术,关注爆磁压缩技术,加强HPM、抗核加固和电磁发射等各类负载技术攻关,加大协同创新和应用推广。     

气相色谱法直接测定工业油酸中脂肪酸

建立了气相色谱直接测定工业油酸中未衍生化的6种常见脂肪酸含量的检测方法。样品用四氢呋喃(THF)溶解,通过氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)对目标化合物进行分析,外标法定量。在优化的气相色谱条件下,6种脂肪酸实现了有效分离,6种脂肪酸在5~5000 mg/L范围内定量曲线的相关系数(R2)均大于0.99991,表明线性关系良好,方法检出限(S/N≥3)为0.36~0.58 mg/L,相对标准偏差为3.4%~8.1%,加标回收率在84.7%~110.2%之间。选取4种工业油酸样品进行分析,实验结果表明,样品未经衍生化处理直接进样,本方法在10 min内能够对6种脂肪酸实现基线分离,为工业油酸的品质鉴定提供了一种快速有效的检测方法。