大视场反射式施密特光学系统设计与检测

大视场、低成本、高性能天文望远镜是当前研究和开发的热点。基于像差平衡原理,在正入射施密特矫正板基础上推导出斜入射反射式施密特矫正板方程,针对焦距1 700 mm,成像视场角4°,波段为0.4 μm～0.9 μm,F数为4.25的光学系统,求解出施密特矫正板方程,并作为初始结构参数代入Zemax软件进一步优化。设计结果表明,在全视场范围内,该系统在奈奎斯特频率100 lp/mm处的调制传递函数MTF大于0.35,畸变小于2.5%,成像质量达到了衍射极限。优化设计后施密特矫正板与最近球面最大偏差为0.005 mm,采用特制的补偿器结合干涉仪可完成面形高精度检测。该施密特系统的设计为大视场、宽波段天文望远镜的开发提供了参考。     

基于像差特征分析的变焦光学系统装调

提出了一种基于像差特征分析的变焦系统共轴性装调方法。针对某型20倍变焦光学系统的装调,在分析变焦光学系统装调要求的基础上,通过采用光学定心加工技术,提高变焦系统各镜组内光学元件的同轴度;采用Zygo干涉仪,检测变焦系统在长短焦位置的像差特性分布;借助CodeV软件仿真计算各光学元件在系统中的公差灵敏度分布,并确定产生像差影响的敏感光学元件;在中心偏测量仪上,完成最终光学系统像质的调整。此外,还设计了一种变焦光学系统各动组间同轴度调试装置,对变焦相机主镜筒机械内孔轴线与直线导轨的平行性进行了精确测量,保证了动组组元光轴的同轴精度。装调结果表明:变焦系统成像质量有明显改善,像面一致性得到保证,长短焦轴上传递函数值分别优于技术要求值0.45和0.55,长短焦轴外0.7视场传递函数值优于0.25和0.35,实现了高精度装调,验证了该方法的可靠性。     

The optical nonreciprocal response based on a four-mode optomechanical system

We propose a scheme for realizing the optical nonreciprocal response based a four-mode optomechanical system,consisting of two charged mechanical modes and two linearly coupled optical modes. Two charged mechanical modes are coupled by Coulomb interaction, and two optical modes are coupled to one of mechanical modes by radiation pressure. We numerically evaluate the transmission probability of the probe field to obtain the optimum optical nonreciprocal response parameters. Also, we show that the optical nonreciprocal response is caused by the quantum interference between the optomechanical couplings and the linearly coupled interaction that breaks the time-reversal symmetry.     

毫米波速调管电子光学系统的研究

电子光学系统是毫米波速调管长寿命和整管性能实现的关键,毫米波速调管零件尺寸较小,为了在Ka波段和W波段实现千瓦量级的输出功率,要求具有高的电子注通过率及低的阴极负荷。对Ka波段和W波段电子光学系统特性进行了分析,确定了Ka波段10 kW分布作用速调管和W波段1 kW分布作用速调管电子光学系统的设计方案,利用软件对电子枪和聚焦系统的结构进行计算,并采用CST仿真软件对设计的电子枪发射的电子注在聚焦磁场中的状态进行优化。设计出的Ka波段速调管电子光学系统,电子枪工作电压26 kV,发射电流2 A,互作用区长度30 mm,磁场强度大于0.6 T,流通达到100%。设计的W波段速调管电子光学系统,电子枪工作电压17 kV,电流0.65 A,互作用区长度20 mm,磁场大于0.9 T,流通达到100%。已制成Ka波段速调管和W波段速调管,设计的电子光学系统能够满足速调管工程化需求。     

Superperiodicity,chaos and coexisting orbits of ion-acoustic waves in a four-component nonextensive plasma

Superperiodicity, chaos and coexisting orbits of ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) are studied in a multi-component plasma consisting of fluid ions, q -nonextensive cold and hot electrons and Maxwellian hot positrons. The significant impacts of the system parameters on superperiodic and nonlinear periodic IAWs are presented. Considering an external periodic perturbation various types of quasiperiodic and chaotic features for IAWs are studied in different parametric ranges through time series’ plots, phase spaces and Lyapunov exponents. It has been observed that there exist some coexisting orbits for IAWs. Coexisting orbits for IAWs in a classical electron–positron–ion plasma system are reported.     

基于自由曲面反射镜的低投射比超短焦投影物镜的光学设计

为了设计低投射比的超短焦投影物镜,本文采用自由曲面和折反式的光路结构设计了一种具有低投射比的超短焦投影物镜系统。该物镜由一个旋转对称的折射透镜组和一个自由曲面反射镜组成。采用11.938 mm的数字微镜器件(DMD)作为空间光调制器产生图像源。采用法线加权迭代优化的方法计算自由曲面。最后,分析了系统的性能。仿真结果表明:超短焦投影物镜可在580 mm的投影距离处实现3048 mm尺寸的大屏幕投影,系统的投射比低至0.19,系统的最大畸变小于0.72%。能够满足低投射比超短焦投影物镜的设计要求。该投影系统具有低投射比、低畸变、投影效果好等优点,可为超短焦投影系统的进一步发展提供有益参考。     

Experimental and numerical study of the propagation of focused wave groups in the nearshore zone

The propagation of focused wave groups in intermediate water depth and the shoaling zone is experimentally and numerically considered in this paper. The experiments are carried out in a two-dimensional wave flume and wave trains derived from Pierson-Moskowitz and JONSWAP spectrum are generated. The peak frequency does not change during the wave train propagation for Pierson-Moskowitz waves; however, a downshift of this peak is observed for JONSWAP waves. An energy partitioning is performed in order to track the spatial evolution of energy. Four energy regions are defined for each spectrum type. A nonlinear energy transfer between different spectral regions as the wave train propagates is demonstrated and quantified. Numerical simulations are conducted using a modified Boussinesq model for long waves in shallow waters of varying depth. Experimental results are in satisfactory agreement with numerical predictions, especially in the case of wave trains derived from JONSWAP spectrum.     

Development of low concentrated solar photovoltaic system with lead acid battery as storage device

Energy storage system powered by renewable energies is a viable option to meet energy requirement without addition of carbon footprints to the environment. This study involves development of theoretical and computational models for a solar photovoltaic (PV) system coupled with a lead acid battery. The study commenced with selection of most appropriate lead acid battery and PV system for installation in a representative location in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Various technical and economic parameters were assessed and calculated by computational approach. The optimized lead acid battery was integrated with low concentration solar PV panels (CPV) followed by a feasibility study. Theoretical model was developed for the integrated system to calculate various parameters of the CPV and lead acid battery. Technical and economic assessment of this coupled unit was calculated using a theoretical approach. The developed model was then subjected to computational approach for verification and validation analysis of the integrated system. The detailed assessment of batteries and integrated system show the applicability of this system in Riyadh region. The research will be extended to develop energy storage systems for remote areas using lead acid batteries.     

氩气感应耦合等离子体速度与温度数值模拟

为了获得用于研究再入飞行器热防护系统的感应耦合等离子体风洞流场数据,基于流场、电磁场和化学场的多场耦合建立了非平衡态感应耦合等离子体数值模型。利用该模型对不同入口质量流率和不同工作压力下的感应耦合等离子体进行了数值模拟,得到了相应工作参数下感应耦合等离子体温度与速度的分布特性。计算结果表明:等离子体中心线上的速度随着入口质量流率的增大而增大,而随着工作压力的增大而减小;同时,等离子体中心线上的温度随着入口质量流率的增大而减小,而随着压力的增大先减小后增大。这些结果可为感应耦合等离子体风洞优化设计及其工业应用提供理论指导。     

Travelling wave mathematical analysis and efficient numerical resolution for a one-dimensional model of solid propellant combustion

We investigate a model of solid propellant combustion involving surface pyrolysis coupled to finite activation energy gas-phase combustion. Existence and uniqueness of a travelling wave solution are established by extending dynamical system tools classically used for premixed flames, dealing with the additional difficulty arising from the surface regression and pyrolysis. An efficient shooting method allows to solve the problem in phase space without resorting to space discretisation nor fixed-point Newton iterations. The results are compared to solutions from a CFD code developed at ONERA, assessing the efficiency and potential of the method, and the impact of the modelling assumptions is evaluated through parametric studies.