电解质和pH值对毒死蜱微乳液透明温度范围的影响

研究了电解质和pH值对毒死蜱微乳剂透明温度范围的影响,表面活性剂采用特殊苯乙基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚和十二烷基苯磺酸钙(DBSCa)(质量比为3:7)复合物,质量分数75%毒死蜱二甲苯溶液为油相。研究结果表明,电解质的加入对表面活性剂作用的微乳剂透明温度范围均有显著影响,使上限温度明显下降;随阳离子电解质质量分数增加,上限温度下降;随阴离子电解质价数增加,上限温度先略增加后下降。电解质及其价数对下限温度影响均不大。弱酸性介质有利于扩大体系的透明温度范围,使上限温度达到最大值;而强酸性和强碱性介质,均使体系的上限温度下降。体系下限温度随pH值的增加缓慢升高。     

基于双阈值视觉注意模型的图像关注焦点检测

 图像关注焦点（FOA）检测是基于人眼视觉关注模型的图像感兴趣区提取的关键技术。为了更加精确、合理地搜索图像关注焦点,提出一种基于双阈值视觉关注模型的FOA检测算法。算法首先提取图像的亮度、颜色、方向和离散矩变换（DMT）特征,生成各个特征对应的特征图;然后将各特征图合并为一张包含多种特征的显著图;最后根据显著图的灰度直方图建立静态阈值与动态阈值,确定图像关注焦点的位置与数量。实验结果表明：新算法在图像关注焦点检测的准确性上较Itti模型有更为优秀的表现,更符合人眼视觉的关注习惯。     

第一性原理研究KDP晶体中Ba取代K点缺陷

 用基于第一性原理的CASTEP模拟了Ba替代K缺陷前后形成的电子结构和能态密度。发现晶体能带宽度降至6.4 eV左右,对应着380 nm的双光子吸收,这一结果可以解释掺Ba晶体在紫外波段的吸收现象。Ba替代K点缺陷仅使其周围的晶格及电子结构发生轻微畸变,对晶体整体结构影响不大。     

建筑物对微波脉冲响应仿真与实验

 建立了微波脉冲在建筑物内传播、反射及透射过程的3维仿真模型,提取了空间电场时域最大值进行统计分析。分析表明：不同入射角窄带调制方波脉冲激励下,场增强区域大小与微波通过窗户和门能直接照射到的区域大小呈正比,窗户的大小对建筑物内空间场强增强区域的大小有显著影响;同时在微波脉冲的传播方向上,窗沿后的区域场强幅值明显减小;脉冲宽度对建筑物内空间场强增强区域的大小及空间场强最大值影响很小;无上升下降沿的窄带调制方波脉冲激励下,空间电场叠加增强效应更强。测量了微波脉冲辐照下,建筑物内空间功率密度分布,验证了仿真结果。     

太阳过渡区紫外光谱的观测与诊断

太阳过渡区是太阳色球层顶到日冕底部的大气薄层。厚度仅几百千米,但其间太阳等离子体参数变化剧烈。过渡区的辐射多为光学薄的远紫外、极紫外发射谱线和背景连续谱线。由于地球大气的吸收,过渡区紫外光谱需通过天基观测才能实现。近几十年来,星载仪器的成功发射为太阳过渡区的研究打开了新纪元。工作回顾了太阳过渡区紫外光谱的观测历史和各类星载仪器,特别介绍了近十几年几种重要的光谱仪器。详细阐述了过渡区紫外光谱的发生率、电子密度和电子温度的诊断原理。讨论了过渡区紫外谱线的形状,并以SOHO/SUMER光谱仪为例介绍了表征谱线的几种重要参量及其物理意义。     

Numerical study of dynamic thermal conductivity of nanofluid in the forced convective heat transfer

In this work, forced convective heat transfer of nanofluid in the developing laminar flow (entrance region) in a circular tube is considered. The nanofluid thermal conductivity, as an important parameter, is considered as two parts: static and dynamic part. Simulated results show that the dynamic part of nanofluid thermal conductivity due to the Brownian motion has a minor effect on the heat transfer coefficients, on the other hand, static part of thermal conductivity including nanolayer around nanoparticle has an important role in heat transfer.     

A fast and efficient mesh segmentation method based on improved region growing

Mesh segmentation is one of the important issues in digital geometry processing. Region growing method has been proven to be a efficient method for 3D mesh segmentation. However, in mesh segmentation, feature line extraction algorithm is computationally costly, and the over-segmentation problem still exists during region merging processing. In order to tackle these problems, a fast and efficient mesh segmentation method based on improved region growing is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the dihedral angle of each non-boundary edge is defined and computed simply, then the sharp edges are detected and feature lines are extracted. After region growing process is finished, an improved region merging method will be performed in two steps by considering some geometric criteria. The experiment results show the feature line extraction algorithm can obtain the same geometric information fast with less computational costs and the improved region merging method can solve over-segmentation well.     

A dual‐weighted trust‐region adaptive POD 4‐D Var applied to a finite‐volume shallow water equations model on the sphere

In this paper we study solutions of an inverse problem for a global shallow water model controlling its initial conditions specified from the 40‐yr ECMWF Re‐analysis (ERA‐40) data sets, in the presence of full or incomplete observations being assimilated in a time interval (window of assimilation) with or without background error covariance terms. As an extension of the work by Chen et al. (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 2009), we attempt to obtain a reduced order model of the above inverse problem, based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), referred to as POD 4D‐Var for a finite volume global shallow water equation model based on the Lin–Rood flux‐form semi‐Lagrangian semi‐implicit time integration scheme. Different approaches of POD implementation for the reduced inverse problem are compared, including a dual‐weighted method for snapshot selection coupled with a trust‐region POD adaptivity approach. Numerical results with various observational densities and background error covariance operator are also presented. The POD 4‐D Var model results combined with the trust‐region adaptivity exhibit similarity in terms of various error metrics to the full 4D Var results, but are obtained using a significantly lesser number of minimization iterations and require lesser CPU time. Based on our previous and current work, we conclude that POD 4‐D Var certainly warrants further studies, with promising potential of its extension to operational 3‐D numerical weather prediction models. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A self-adaptive trust region method for the extended linear complementarity problems

By using some NCP functions, we reformulate the extended linear complementarity problem as a nonsmooth equation. Then we propose a self-adaptive trust region algorithm for solving this nonsmooth equation. The novelty of this method is that the trust region radius is controlled by the objective function value which can be adjusted automatically according to the algorithm. The global convergence is obtained under mild conditions and the local superlinear convergence rate is also established under strict complementarity conditions. This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10671126) and Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (S30501).