Gaussian pre-filtering for uncertainty minimization in digital image correlation using numerically-designed speckle patterns

This paper discusses the effect of pre-processing image blurring on the uncertainty of two-dimensional digital image correlation (DIC) measurements for the specific case of numerically-designed speckle patterns having particles with well-defined and consistent shape, size and spacing. Such patterns are more suitable for large measurement surfaces on large-scale specimens than traditional spray-painted random patterns without well-defined particles. The methodology consists of numerical simulations where Gaussian digital filters with varying standard deviation are applied to a reference speckle pattern. To simplify the pattern application process for large areas and increase contrast to reduce measurement uncertainty, the speckle shape, mean size and on-center spacing were selected to be representative of numerically-designed patterns that can be applied on large surfaces through different techniques (e.g., spray-painting through stencils). Such “designer patterns” are characterized by well-defined regions of non-zero frequency content and non-zero peaks, and are fundamentally different from typical spray-painted patterns whose frequency content exhibits near-zero peaks. The effect of blurring filters is examined for constant, linear, quadratic and cubic displacement fields. Maximum strains between ±250 and ±20,000 µε are simulated, thus covering a relevant range for structural materials subjected to service and ultimate stresses. The robustness of the simulation procedure is verified experimentally using a physical speckle pattern subjected to constant displacements. The stability of the relation between standard deviation of the Gaussian filter and measurement uncertainty is assessed for linear displacement fields at varying image noise levels, subset size, and frequency content of the speckle pattern. It is shown that bias error as well as measurement uncertainty are minimized through Gaussian pre-filtering. This finding does not apply to typical spray-painted patterns without well-defined particles, for which image blurring is only beneficial in reducing bias errors.     

聚变堆高热流部件超汽化换热实验研究

搭建了常压水超汽化实验回路(HVL-Ⅰ),采用平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)、高速摄影、微距摄影、粒子成像测速(PIV)等先进测量技术,开展聚变堆面对等离子体部件(第一壁、偏滤器)在高热流过冷沸腾工况下强化换热特性实验研究。选择三角形和矩形翅片的铬锆铜超汽化样件,实验工况为常压室温(296K),若丹明B 水溶液流速 0.3～0.5m•s⁻¹ 连续可调,热流密度～5MW•m⁻²。实验结果表明同等工况下,矩形翅片比三角形翅片换热效果显著增强,性能提升约30%～50%。微距摄影显示翅根涡流形态保持时间越短,越有利于小汽泡充分扩散,从而使换热得到强化。     

定第二主点变焦光学系统

根据透镜组基点性质和透镜组可变焦原理 ,设计定第二主点变焦光学系统。该系统用于视力矫正 ,在变焦过程中 ,“眼镜片光心”相对于眼睛的位置保持不变 ,是一种新型的光学变焦系统。用它可对近视、远视、散光等非正视眼进行快捷、准确的验光。     

Unsupervised Image Segmentation Using Hierarchical Clustering

In the analysis of a medical image database aimed at formulating useful knowledge for image diagnosis requires an unsupervised image processing technique without preconceived knowledge. In this paper, we propose a method for unsupervised image segmentation, which is suitable for finding the features contained in an image. A small region around each pixel is considered as a pattern vector, and the set of pattern vectors acquired from the whole image is classified using the hierarchical clustering technique. In hierarchical clustering, the classification of pattern vectors is divided into two clusters at each node according to the statistical criterion based on the entropy in thermodynamics. Results of the test image generated by the Markov random field (MRF) model and real medical images photomicrographs of a colon tumor are shown.     

基于窄带多区域水平集方法的遥感图像分割

由于遥感图像存在边缘混叠等问题,经典的C-V模型会产生大量的冗余轮廓,而且无法分割多个同质区域的目标.为此,提出了基于C-V模型的窄带多区域水平集图像分割方法,采用N-1个水平集函数将图像分割成N(N＞1)个区域,每个水平集函数表达一个区域.该方法一方面通过建立独立多区域水平集模型可以消除多余的轮廓,避免分割区域的重叠...     

局部方差在图像质量评价中的应用

将灰度图像的局部方差分布（QLS）作为表征图像结构信息的一个重要特征,对局部方差分布矩阵进行奇异值分解,计算得到相应的奇异值特征向量;通过计算降质图像与原参考图像局部方差矩阵奇异值特征向量的夹角大小度量两图像的结构相似度,实现了对降质图像的质量评价。实验结果表明：局部方差分布更能突出图像的结构特征,评价结果优于传统的均方误差（MSE）、峰值信噪比（PSNR）、结构相似度（SSIM）以及直接评价图像像素分布的奇异值分析（SVD）等方法,与人眼视觉感知效果的一致性较好。     

在大学物理教学中使用Matlab制作图像和动画的几个实例

从一些典型实例出发,介绍Matlab在大学物理中的具体应用．指出在大学物理课程中适当地加入Matlab图像和动画,可进一步推动基础课程教学方法的现代化进程,使教学内容更加形象、生动而同时兼具科学性．     

基于改进的分块压缩感知红外图像重建

针对基于压缩感知理论的红外图像重建问题,提出一种基于改进的分块压缩感知红外图像重建方法。该方法首先对原始红外图像进行分块,并对每个子块用相同的观测矩阵进行随机观测,获得少量的观测数据;然后利用谱图小波变换优异的稀疏特性,将其引入平滑投影Landweber算法进行迭代优化重建,同时采用混合中值滤波进行处理以增加图像的平滑度和减少块伪影,最后输出满足要求的高质量红外图像。实验结果表明,在相同采样率下,该方法对于不同类型红外图像的重建性能均优于目前广为采用的一些小波压缩感知方法,可获得更高质量的红外图像。     

Influence of orifice spacing on twin bubbles formation in shear-thinning fluids: Laser image measurement

A laser image system for investigating the influence of orifice spacing on twin bubbles formation in shear-thinning fluid was established. The bubbles formation process at two orifices could be directly visualized and real-time recorded through computer by means of He–Ne laser as light source using the beam expanding and light amplification technology. The shape and size of bubbles generating in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) aqueous solutions were studied experimentally at the orifices spacing 1D_o, 2D_o and 3D_o (D_o orifice diameter). The results reveal that the minute bubbles can be imaged clearly and amplified without distortion in the higher concentration solutions, and therefore the shape and size of bubbles are obtained accurately. With the increase of orifice spacing, bubble instantaneous volume in shear-thinning fluid decreases at the radial expansion stage but then increases at vertical elongation period, and the deformation and deviation of bubbles forming goes down due to the reduced interaction of adjacent bubble.     

诊断LiF单晶弹性变形的瞬态X射线衍射

利用瞬态X射线衍射技术对LiF单晶沿晶向[100]方向冲击加载的晶格变形进行了诊断研究。实验在神光Ⅱ装置的球形靶上进行,北四路激光驱动Cu靶获得的类He线作为X射线背光源,第九路为加载光源,对大小为7mm×7mm、厚300μm的受激光加载的LiF单晶衍射,实验获得了LiF单晶晶面(200)压缩和未压缩状态的衍射信号。实验结果表明:LiF单晶在激光沿[100]方向冲击加载下,晶格发生了弹性变形,(200)晶面间距变小,衍射线上移,晶格压缩量为11%;该瞬态X射线衍射技术可用于冲击加载下的微观动态响应特性测量。