量子数字签名研究进展

量子数字签名是量子理论与经典数字签名的结合,其目的是利用量子效应达到无条件安全的信息交互。介绍了目前提出的几种量子数字签名协议,详细分析了这几种协议的优缺点和效率,提出了量子数字签名协议设计的具体要求,并展望了此领域今后的发展方向。     

Phase determination in holographic Moiré in presence of nonsinusoidal waveforms and random noise

This paper proposes a subspace parameter estimation method which besides allowing for accommodating multiple PZTs in an optical interferometer permits for extracting in real time values of phase shifts between data frames at each pixel point. The technique enables to freely choose values of phase shifts between 0 and π. A generalized phase measurement algorithm allows for computing multiple phase information present in the interferometer. The method facilitates the use of spherical beams, addresses errors arising from the miscalibration of the phase shifting devices, and is capable of handling nonsinusoidal waveforms in an effective manner. Numerical simulations demonstrate that phase distributions can be measured with high accuracy even in the presence of noise.     

Efficiency enhancement of InGaN based blue light emitting diodes with InGaN/GaN multilayer barriers

The advantages of InGaN based light-emitting diodes with InGaN/GaN multilayer barriers are studied.It is found that the structure with InGaN/GaN multilayer barriers shows improved light output power,lower current leakage,and less efficiency droop over its conventional InGaN/GaN counterparts.Based on the numerical simulation and analysis,these improvements on the electrical and the optical characteristics are mainly attributed to the alleviation of the electrostatic field in the quantum wells(QWs) when the InGaN/GaN multilayer barriers are used.     

On the performance of a virtual user pairing scheme to efficiently utilize the spectrum of unpaired users in NOMA

This paper evaluates the performance of a virtual user pairing scheme that efficiently utilizes the spectrum of unpaired users in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), termed as VP-NOMA. The scheme aims at utilizing the frequency bands of those users which remain unpaired due to the non-uniform distribution of users in a cellular area. We consider a case where the cell edge users are more than the cell center users, so that complete one-to-one correspondence does not exist between all cell center and cell edge users to be accommodated/paired using conventional NOMA (C-NOMA) user pairing. Thus, some cell edge users remain unpaired, and are served using conventional multiple access (OMA) schemes. In such scenario, VP-NOMA pairs a single cell center user with two or more clustered (closely located) cell edge users over non-overlapping frequency bands, thus enabling the cell center user to efficiently use the frequency bands of these previously unpaired cell edge users. Performance of VP-NOMA in terms of ergodic sum capacity (ESC), outage probability (OP), and outage sum capacity (OSC), is analyzed through comprehensive mathematical derivations and simulations for a generalized system model. Moreover, the mathematical analysis is validated through close concordance between analytical and simulation results of ESC, OP, and OSC.     

研究堆慢正电子源构建中的关键机理问题

研究堆慢正电子源是获得高强度慢正电子束流的有效方式,国际上己建成多座装置并获得广泛应用.与常规同位素慢正电子源相比,研究堆慢正电子源的物理过程复杂,影响末端束流强度的因素众多,对其进行深入研究与合理建模是未来在中国绵阳研究堆(CMRR)上构建慢正电子源的基础.本文厘清了研究堆慢正电子产生的关键过程与物理机理,建立了预测末端正电子束流强度的理论模型,找到了影响其末端强度的主要物理量:快正电子体产生率、慢化体有效表面积、慢化体扩散距离、慢正电子从表面被提取到靶环末端的效率、及束流系统提取效率.用多种实验结果对模型进行校验,包括多个同位素慢正电子源的效率测量值,以及PULSTAR研究堆慢正电子源测量结果,充分验证了模型正确性.根据模型对各物理量的影响因素进行了分析,找到了需着重关注的影响因素,对未来源/靶结构的设计给出建议.     

Description of all observed rotational bands in ~(128)Pr

The configuration-dependent cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky approach was used to investigate the rotational structures in ¹²⁸Pr and signature splittings of some observed bands could be well described quantitatively at high spin. Its modified model was used to calculate special configurations in order to distinguish the N=4 d_3/2s_1/2 and g_7/2d_5/2 orbitals. All observed bands were compared with the calculated configuration assigned to the band and the agreement between experiment and theory is remarkable.     

Vortex pinning: A probe for nanoscale disorder in iron-based superconductors

The pinning of quantized flux lines, or vortices, in the mixed state is used to quantify the effect of impurities in iron-based superconductors (IBS). Disorder at two length scales is relevant in these materials. Strong flux pinning resulting from nm-scale heterogeneity of the superconducting properties leads to the very disordered vortex ensembles observed in the IBS, and to the pronounced maximum in the critical current density j_c at low magnetic fields. Disorder at the atomic scale, most likely induced by the dopant atoms, leads to “weak collective pinning” and a magnetic field-independent contribution j_c^coll. The latter allows one to estimate quasiparticle scattering rates.     

An efficient deterministic secure quantum communication scheme based on cluster states and identity authentication

A novel efficient deterministic secure quantum communication scheme based on four-qubit cluster states and single-photon identity authentication is proposed. In this scheme, the two authenticated users can transmit two bits of classical information per cluster state, and its efficiency of the quantum communication is 1/3, which is approximately 1.67 times that of the previous protocol presented by Wang et al [Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 (2006) 2658]. Security analysis shows the present scheme is secure against intercept-resend attack and the impersonator's attack. Furthermore, it is more economic with present-day techniques and easily processed by a one-way quantum computer.     

动力系统的正则量子对称性质

分别从正规和奇异拉氏量系统的相空间生成泛函出发,导出了增广相空间中整体对称下的正则形式Ward恒等式.考虑对应的定域交换,得到了量子水平的守恒荷,给出了正则形式的量子Noether定理.讨论了在核子和π介子相互作用中的初步应用.