微型燃料电池制备及其微通道摩擦性能的研究

阐述了微型燃料电池的制备过程,结合传统燃料电池数学理论和微流体力学,建立了微型质子交换膜燃料电池(μPEMFC)的数学模型,分析了微通道特性(如摩擦系数和水力直径等)对微型燃料电池性能的影响.结果表明:运用Fluent软件对模型进行计算的仿真结果与公开实验数据基本符合,验证了模型正确性;而传统模型的仿真结果小于真实值;当气道的水力直径Dh从348降至100时,电池性能有所上升;而当Dh值降至61.1时,其性能有所下降.     

转向剂形成人工应力遮挡的实验研究及有限元分析

针对水力压裂过程中采用的人工应力遮挡控制缝高技术,通过室内物理模拟实验,在转向剂浓度一定的条件下考虑携带液与地层压差、渗流量、时间等因素,采用电测法对人工岩芯表面应变进行了测试;利用非线性有限元方法对裂缝尖端应力进行计算,研究了转向剂形成人工应力遮挡的作用效果。结果表明采用转向剂可以建立3~4MPa的人工应力遮档,对采用转向剂的压裂设计和施工参数提出了建议。     

径向轴承启动过程瞬态热效应的研究

联立求解广义雷诺方程、油膜瞬态三维能量方程、轴瓦瞬态三维固体热传导方程及轴颈的运动方程，并考虑粘度和密度随温度及压力的变化，在油膜与轴瓦界面使用热流连续性边界条件，确定了在承受稳态载荷时圆轴承在启动过程中的温度变化情况．介绍了一种有效的用于求解轴承瞬态性能的改进Newton—Raphson算法．结果表明：整个系统达到热平衡的时间与启动加速度的大小无关；启动加速度越高，温度升高越快；在启动过程中，油膜最高温度出现的位置沿膜厚方向而变化．同有关试验结果的对比证实所建模型和所用算法正确可行．     

Hydrogen Bonding in the Dimer and Monohydrate of 2-Adamantanol: A Test Case for Dispersion-Corrected Density Functional Methods

Weakly-bound intermolecular clusters constitute reductionist physical models for non-covalent interactions. Here we report the observation of the monomer, the dimer and the monohydrate of 2-adamantanol, a secondary alcohol with a bulky ten-carbon aliphatic skeleton. The molecular species were generated in a supersonic jet expansion and characterized using broadband chirped-pulse microwave spectroscopy in the 2–8 GHz frequency region. Two different gauche-gauche O-H···O hydrogen-bonded isomers were observed for the dimer of 2-adamantanol, while a single isomer was observed for the monomer and the monohydrate. The experimental rotational parameters were compared with molecular orbital calculations using density functional theory (B3LYP-D3(BJ), B2PLYP-D3(BJ), CAM-B3LYP-D3(BJ), ωB97XD), additionally providing energetic and electron density characterization. The shallow potential energy surface makes the dimer an interesting case study to benchmark dispersion-corrected computational methods and conformational search procedures.     

Early transient responses of multi-span stepped single-walled carbon nanotubes using the method of reverberation ray matrix

The early transient responses of multi-span stepped single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) under impact loadings are studied by the method of reverberation ray matrix (MRRM). The dynamics model of the carbon nanotubes is established in the Fourier phase space on the basis of the nonlocal Timoshenko beam model. The wave solutions of SWCNTs with arbitrary boundary conditions are obtained by the wave method. The reverberation ray matrix of the multi-span stepped SWCNTs is the product of scattering, phase and permutation matrices, which can be determined by the impact loadings, continuous conditions and boundary conditions. The early transient responses can be calculated by the inverse Fourier transform of the sum of initial ray groups. It can be found that the early transient displacement response in the very short time subjected to the impact loading is very small, while the transient transverse shear strain becomes large in the very short time. The influences of nanotubes span number, nanotubes type and boundary conditions on the early transient responses of multi-span stepped SWCNTs are investigated.     

ZnO/p-Si异质结的深能级及其对发光的影响

利用深能级瞬态谱(DLTS)和光致发光谱(PL),研究了ZnO/pSi异质结的两种不同温度(850℃,1000℃)退火下的深能级中心。发现850℃退火的样品存在3个明显的深中心,分别为E₁=E_v+0.21eV,E₂=E_v+0.44eV,E₃=E_v+071eV;而1000℃退火样品仅存在一个E₁=E_v+021eV的中心,且其隙态密度要比850℃退火的大。同时,测量了两个样品的PL谱。发现1000℃退火可消除一些影响发光强度的深能级,对改善晶格结构,提高样品的发光强度有利。     

基于半导体光放大器瞬态交叉相位调制效应的高速反相和同相波长转换的研究

采用半导体光放大器(SOA)中的瞬态交叉相位调制效应是实现高速全光信号处理的有效途径.利用SOA和带宽为0.4 nm的窄带滤波器同时实现了重复频率为10 GHz、脉冲宽度为10 ps的同相和反相全光波长转换.当滤波器的中心波长相对于探测光载波波长蓝移0.25 nm或者红移0.05 nm时，得到反相波长转换；当滤波器的中心波长相对于探测光波长蓝移0.29 nm或者红移0.25 nm时，得到同相的波长转换.同时用数值模拟了从同相到反相波长转换的极性演化过程，理论分析和实验结果基本相符. 关键词： 半导体光放大器 波长转换 瞬态交叉相位调制     

CdTe太阳电池中起因于Cu的深能级

在CdTe太阳电池中,易引入并形成Cu深能级中心. 本文采用深能级瞬态谱测试法研究了ZnTe背接触和石墨背接触CdTe太阳电池的部分深能级中心. 研究中运用密度泛函相关理论,分析闪锌矿结构CdTe,Cd空位体系和掺Cu体系的电子态密度,计算得出T_d场和C_3v场下Cu²⁺ d轨道的分裂情况. 计算结果表明,CdTe太阳电池中的E_v+0206 eV和E_v+0122 eV两个深中心来源于Cu替代Cd原子. 计算结果还表明,掺入Cu可降低CdTe体系能量. 关键词： 深能级瞬态谱 第一性原理 CdTe Cu杂质     

Deep level transient spectroscopy investigation of deep levels in CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells with Te:Cu back contact

Deep levels in Cds/CdTe thin film solar cells have a potent influence on the electrical property of these devices. As an essential layer in the solar cell device structure, back contact is believed to induce some deep defects in the CdTe thin film. With the help of deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), we study the deep levels in CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells with Te:Cu back contact. One hole trap and one electron trap are observed. The hole trap H1, localized at E_v+0.128~eV, originates from the vacancy of Cd (V_Cd. The electron trap E1, found at E_c-0.178~eV, is considered to be correlated with the interstitial Cu_i⁼ in CdTe.     

非定常瞬态流动过程中的Lagrangian拟序结构与物质输运作用

从Lagrangian角度数值分析了圆柱瞬时起动过程中的非定常瞬态流动现象,如分离泡产生、破裂和涡脱落等及其产生的非定常效应,揭示了所列现象诱导的物质输运和迁移效应,首先采用双时间步长的特征线算子分裂算法数值模拟了圆柱起动过程中的瞬时流场,然后采用数值方法从流场中提取出Lagrangian拟序结构(LCSs),并根据非线性动力学理论研究了流动分离和旋涡演化过程中的物质输运作用,结果表明,圆柱瞬时起动后所产生的非定常阻力与相应瞬态现象中的物质输运有密切的关系:对称分离泡产生及其在流向方向的生长,能够使分离泡内压力升高且分布均匀,从而减小阻力;对称分离泡的失稳增强了分离泡与主流之间的物质输运作用,最终导致涡的脱落,并有利于推迟流动分离和减小分离区域,非定常流动中LCSs所描述的物质输运和迁移作用对流动控制的机理研究具有一定指导意义。