基于遗传算法的水轮机振动参数识别

通过对水轮机现场测试数据的频域分析，建立了测点位移响应的参数正模型。并基于遗传算法，建立了在时域内识别结构振动参数的数值方法，采用该方法对水轮机位移响应正模型的待定参数识别进行了研究。计算结果表明，所建立的基于遗传算法的参数识别方法具有良好的稳定性、抗观测噪声能力和较高的识别精度，能够反演出比较符合实际情况的位移响应振动模型。这就为荷载识别、结构优化和预报减震效果等后续工作提供了可靠的实施前提。     

Finite difference method for 2-D and 3-D nonlinear free surface wave problems

A finite difference method is developed for the numerical modelling of the 2-D and 3-D unsteady potential flow generated by transient disturbances on the free surface, on which the nonlinear boundary conditions are fully satisfied. The unknown function is computed with an iteration scheme processing in a transformed time-invariant space. After the velocity is calculated, the location of the free surface is renewed and so is the value of velocity on it. The boundary-value problem of the governing equation is then solved at the next time step. The present method incorporates the FFT. Consequently, a tri-diagonal equation system is obtained which could be readily solved. The feasibility of this method has been demonstrated by 2-D and 3-D examples corresponding to different initial disturbances. This work is supported by the science foundation of Academia Sinica. The paper had been accepted by the XVIth International Congress of IUTAM, Lyngby, Denmark, August, 1984.     

Effect of the π Bridge and Acceptor on Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Push–Pull Cationic Chromophores: An Ultrafast Spectroscopic and TD‐DFT Computational Study

Three (donor–π–acceptor)⁺ systems with a methyl pyridinium or quinolinium as the electron‐deficient group, a dimethyl amino as the electron‐donor group, and an ethylene or butadiene group as the spacer have been investigated in a joint spectroscopic and TD‐DFT computational study. A negative solvatochromism has been revealed in the absorption spectra, which implies a solution color change, and interpreted by considering the variation in the permanent dipole moment modulus and orientation upon photoexcitation. The fluorescence efficiency decreases upon increasing solvent polarity, in agreement with the excited‐state optimized geometries (planar in low‐polarity media and twisted in high‐polarity media). Femtosecond transient absorption has revealed the occurrence of a fast photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and the molecular factors that determine an efficient ICT. Considering the crucial role of the ICT in tuning the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, these compounds can be considered promising NLO materials.     

Effect of Fluorine Substitution on the Charge Carrier Dynamics of Benzothiadiazole‐Based Solar Cell Materials

The femtosecond transient absorption (TA) characterization of a new benzothiadiazole (BT)‐based donor–acceptor conjugated copolymer, poly[(2,6‐dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophene)‐alt‐(4,7‐di(4‐octyldodecylthiopen‐2‐yl)‐2,1,3‐benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (PBT), as well as its fluorinated derivatives, PFBT and PDFBT, is carried out. Additionally, bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films consisting of the copolymers and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C₇₁‐butylic acid methyl ester (PC₇₀BM) are examined using TA spectroscopy. Both the singlet excited state dynamics in the copolymers and the charge transfer state dynamics in the BHJs are investigated in terms of fluorination dependency; the fluorinated copolymers exhibit less singlet exciton recombination rate than the fluorine‐free copolymer, and the BHJs including the fluorinated copolymers display slower monomolecular recombination than the fluorine‐free analogue. Furthermore, the excitation‐intensity‐dependent TA dynamics of the copolymers and BHJs is investigated, revealing that, when sufficiently high excitation intensity is used to induce annihilation processes, the fluorinated copolymers and BHJs incorporating the fluorinated copolymers show more rapid TA decay ascribable to morphological enhancement. These TA spectroscopic findings are found to correlate with the device characteristics with respect to fluorinated content in the polymer solar cells. In particular, both the short‐circuit current density and fill factor of BHJ solar cells correspond closely with the fast decay parameters of the BHJ films under high excitation intensity.

     

Pump‐Probe Fragmentation Action Spectroscopy: A Powerful Tool to Unravel Light‐Induced Processes in Molecular Photocatalysts

We present a proof of concept that ultrafast dynamics combined with photochemical stability information of molecular photocatalysts can be acquired by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with time‐resolved femtosecond laser spectroscopy in an ion trap. This pump‐probe “fragmentation action spectroscopy” gives straightforward access to information that usually requires high purity compounds and great experimental efforts. Results of gas‐phase studies on the electronic dynamics of two supramolecular photocatalysts compare well to previous findings in solution and give further evidence for a directed electron transfer, a key process for photocatalytic hydrogen generation.     

β‐Functionalized Push–Pull opp‐Dibenzoporphyrins as Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

A novel class of β‐functionalized push–pull zinc opp ‐dibenzoporphyrins were designed, synthesized, and utilized as sensitizers for dye‐sensitized solar cells. Spectral, electrochemical, and computational studies were systematically performed to evaluate their spectral coverage, redox behavior, and electronic structures. These porphyrins displayed much broader spectral coverage and more facile oxidation upon extension of the π conjugation. Free‐energy calculations and femtosecond transient absorption studies (charge injection rate in the range of 10¹¹ s⁻¹) suggested efficient charge injection from the excited singlet state of the porphyrin to the conduction band of TiO₂. The power conversion efficiency (η ) of YH3 bearing acrylic acid linkers (η =5.9 %) was close to that of the best ruthenium dye N719 (η =7.4 %) under similar conditions. The superior photovoltaic performance of YH3 was attributed to its higher light‐harvesting ability and more favorable electron injection and collection, as supported by electrochemical impedance spectral studies. This work demonstrates the exceptional potential of benzoporphyrins as sensitizers for dye‐sensitized solar cells.     

一种特殊瞬态动力学现象释疑

引入瞬态平衡点的概念 ,来解释一种简单的摆式减振器模型中的瞬态动力学行为中的一种特殊现象 :即振子从开始小幅振动突然增大最后达到大幅振动 ,而减振摆也从铅垂位置附近的小幅振动过渡到绕悬挂点的圆周运动。分析表明 ,产生此现象的原因是系统瞬时平衡点的剧烈变化     

Sudden Blocking of a Supercritical Open‐Channel Flow

This paper reports results of experiments in which a steadystate nonuniform supercritical openchannel flow was suddenly blocked by a rapidly falling gate at a downstream distance of about one hundred critical depths. This results in a hydraulic jump propagating upstream. Experimental data on the shape, height, and propagation speed of its leading front are given. It is shown that the parameters of the jump differ significantly from the values found using a quasistationary approach.     

求解转子系统突加不平衡响应方法的研究

本文提出并研究了用传递函数分析法求转子系统的突加不平衡响应,讨论了求这一响应的最佳数值积分方法。用本文提出的理论解方法及三种常用的数值积分法:尤拉后差法,纽马克法,及呼伯特法,对一模型转子算例进行了分析计算,结果表明;尤拉后差法最适用于求转子系统的突加不平衡响应。本文提出的传递函数分析法,可以和试验模态分析方法相结合,以求解复杂转子系统的突加不平衡响应。