ICP-MS/ICP-AES法分析成年男性血清中18种元素含量参照值

运用ICP-MS和ICP-AES法同时分析丹东某硼矿周围人群血清中18种元素的含量水平。样品经过双氧水-纯化硝酸体系消解,采用稀释分析及双内标铑(Rh)和铼(Re)进行校正。该法最低检出限能满足血清样品的分析要求,多数元素回收率在95%~120%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.9%~10.8%之间。按照95%置信区间进行数据筛选,选出125人的数据统计分析,并与国内外其它研究结果进行比较。结果表明,采用该方法对血清中元素的分析结果可以作为当地成年男性血清中元素含量的参照值。     

铜及其配合物在生物体系中的作用

自人类有历史记载以来，铜及其配合物即用作药物。铜是人体必需的金属元素。人体的正常代谢过程需要它们，但无法体内合成，因此，需要每天从饮食摄取和吸收。生物药学家和研究者以极大的努力彻底地了解铜及其配合物在生物体系中的作用，希望获得更多地信息以利于人类疾病的预防和治疗。本综述评述了铜在组织中的分配和代谢、铜依赖酶、在病态时铜的非正常代谢、铜配合物的药疗活性和抑制氧自由基的产生。     

镁与人体健康

论述了镁在人体中的作用和缺乏症状，研究了人体补充镁的途径，以及医用镁化合物在人体健康中的应用。     

高效液相色谱／光散射检测器测定肝病病人血清中的胆汁酸

利用反相高效液相色谱／挥发激光散射检测器发展了分析胆汁酸的新方法。采用甲醇和乙酸铵缓冲液混合溶液为冲洗体系，梯度淋洗，１０种甘氨型和牛磺型胆汁酸有２５ｍｉｎ内完成基线分离。方法简单快速，不需衍生，血清榈经预处理，平均回收率为９６．１％，在４－５０，ｇ／Ｌ浓度范围内对峰面积与浓度进行线性回归分析，回归系数０．９９１５－０．９９８２之间可用于正常人和肝硬化病人血清中胆汁酸的测定。     

Exogenous pulmonary surfactant: A review focused on adjunctive therapy for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 including SP-A and SP-D as added clinical marker

Type I and type II pneumocytes are two forms of epithelial cells found lining the alveoli in the lungs. Type II pneumocytes exclusively secrete ‘pulmonary surfactants,’ a lipoprotein complex made up of 90% lipids (mainly phospholipids) and 10% surfactant proteins (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D). Respiratory diseases such as influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection are reported to preferentially attack type II pneumocytes of the lungs. After viral invasion, consequent viral propagation and destruction of type II pneumocytes causes altered surfactant production, resulting in dyspnea and acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Exogenous animal-derived or synthetic pulmonary surfactant therapy has already shown immense success in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and has the potential to contribute efficiently toward repair of damaged alveoli and preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2–associated respiratory failure. Furthermore, early detection of surfactant collectins (SP-A and SP-D) in the circulatory system can be a significant clinical marker for disease prognosis in the near future.     

Automated determination of nifedipine in human plasma by capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection

A rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for the determination of nifedipine in human plasma is described. Using a single-step solvent extraction and capillary gas chromatography combined with electron capture detection, an assay sensitivity of 2 ng/ml is achieved routinely using 0.5 ml of plasma. Intact nifedipine is quantitated and separated from its nitroso- and nitropyridine-derivatives. The suitability of the assay for pharmacokinetic studies is illustrated.     

Improved liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric determination and pharmacokinetic study of glimepiride in human plasma

An improved liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of glimepiride in human plasma has been developed and fully validated. The article describes in detail the bioanalytical procedure and summarizes the validation results obtained. The samples were extracted using liquid--liquid extraction with a mixture of 1-chlorobutane-isopropanol-ethyl acetate (88:2:10, v/v/v). The chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed-phase Hypersil ODScolumn (250 x 4.6 mm i.d.; 5 microm particle size) using a mobile phase consisting of formic acid 0.05 M-acetonitrile (28:72, v/v), pumped at a flow rate of 0.3 ml min(-1) heated to 25 degrees C. The analytes were detected using an API 3000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with positive electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Tandem mass spectrometric detection enabled the quantitation of glimepiride down to 0.50 ng mL(-1). Calibration graphs were linear (r better than 0.998, n=1), in concentration range 0.50--1000 ng mL(-1), and the intra- and inter- day RSD values were less than 10.37 and 11.55% for glimepiride. The method was successfully applied to a kinetic study in order to assess the main pharmacokinetic parameters of glimepiride.     

Sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma

A simple, rapid, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for quantification of hydrochlorothiazide (I), a common diuretic and anti-hypertensive agent. The analyte and internal standard, tamsulosin (II) were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether-dichloromethane (70:30, v/v) using a Glas-Col Multi-Pulse Vortexer. The chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed-phase column (Waters symmetry C18) with a mobile phase of 10 mm ammonium acetate-methanol (15:85, v/v). The protonated analyte was quantitated in negative ionization by multiple reaction monitoring with a mass spectrometer. The mass transitions m/z 296.1 solidus in circle 205.0 and m/z 407.2 solidus in circle 184.9 were used to measure I and II, respectively. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.5-200 ng/mL for hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma. The lower limit of quantitation was 500 pg/mL, with a relative standard deviation of less than 9%. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve ranges. A run time of 2.5 min for each sample made it possible to analyze a throughput of more than 400 human plasma samples per day. The validated method has been successfully used to analyze human plasma samples for application in pharmacokinetic, bioavailability or bioequivalence studies.     

Quantification of Teicoplanin in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection

A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for determining five major components of teicoplanin, designated A2–1, A2–2, A2–3, A2–4 and A2–5, in human plasma. Using piperacillin sodium as internal standard, teicoplanin in plasma samples was extracted by coextractive cleanup procedure. The extracts were injected into a Nova-Pak C₁₈ column maintained at ambient temperature. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile–0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (27:73, pH = 2.2), at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min⁻¹. The analytes were detected at the UV wavelength of 218 nm. The method was found to be linear over the concentration range of 2.5–50 mg L⁻¹ for teicoplanin (r = 0.9993 ± 0.0038), which covered the clinically expected trough plasma levels. The percentage error of the analytical method was below 9%. The intra- and inter-day reproducibility was adequate with coefficients of variation less than 7%. The chromatographic running time was 11 min. Thus, the method can be effectively applied to measure teicoplanin concentrations in clinical samples.     

新型银胶基底研究HSA的近红外表面增强拉曼散射

用紫外—可见两步光化学还原法，合成了等离子体共振峰出现在近红外区的新 型绿色银胶．首次用该银胶作为基底研究人血清白蛋白(HSA)的近红外表面增强拉 曼散射(NIR—SERS)，发现银胶中的线状银纳米粒子聚集体有较强的NIR—SERS效应 和生物兼容性，这为研究生物大分子的结构、构象和界面作用提供了一种较为理想 的活性基底．由所得到的NIR—SERS光谱可发现，吸附在银纳米粒子表面的HSA的肽 链骨架仍以α—螺旋结构为主，其二级构象特征基本不变；吸附作用诱导部分芳香 氨基酸残基所处的微环境发生改变，趋于银纳米粒子表面．此外，明显观察到 COO^-与C—S的特征谱带说明HSA中去质子的羧基氧、二硫桥键的硫直接与银纳米粒 子表面作用．