Effect of High Humidity Exposure to Wheat Starch Based High Conducting Flexible Polymer-in-Salt-Electrolyte

Polymer-in-salt-electrolytes (PISEs) are an important class of electrolytes as they carry the promise of faster and single ion transport. Unfortunately, due to unavailability of a suitable polymer host PISE has still not reached to commercial level. In the present work, using a novel synthesis protocol developed by the group, glutaraldehyde crosslinked wheat starch has been successfully modified with sodium iodide (NaI) to synthesize a flexible PISE membrane with desired electrochemical properties. Present paper reports the effect of crosslinker and exposure to high humidity ambience on electrochemical and morphological properties. It has been established that on exposure to higher humidity atmosphere starch-based PISEs stabilize at lower resistance value, but with higher ion relaxation time, which indicates that effect of high humidity treatment is more on salt dissociation instead of assisting the ion transport. The studied materials have conductivity ≈0.01 S cm⁻¹ range with ESW >2.5 V, ensuring its usability in electrochemical devices. The developed synthesis protocol does not require any complicated synthesis route and/or sophisticated instrument hence the overall process is economical also, adding up to its potentiality for energy device fabrication.     

Effects of multi-frequency ultrasound pretreatment under low power density on the enzymolysis and the structure characterization of defatted wheat germ protein

The effects of ultrasonic frequency mode, power density, pretreatment time and other parameters under low power density on the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of defatted wheat germ protein (DWGP) and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of DWGP hydrolysate were studied in this research. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectra, free sulfhydryl (SH), disulfide bond (SS), surface hydrophobicity and hydrophobic protein content of ultrasound-pretreated protein and hydrophobic amino acid (HAA) content of alcalase-hydrolysate of DWGP were measured under optimized ultrasonic condition. The ultrasonic frequency mode with dual-fixed frequency combination of 28/40 kHz showed higher ACE inhibitory activity of DWGP hydrolysate compared with that of other ultrasound frequency modes and all the ultrasonic frequency combinations involving in 28 kHz showed higher ACE inhibitory activity. Under the dual-fixed frequency ultrasound mode of 28/40 kHz, ultrasonic power density of 60 W/L, pretreatment time of 70 min, temperature of 60°C and substrate concentration of 60 g/L, the ACE inhibitory activity of DWGP hydrolysate was the highest with its value of 74.75% (increased by 62.30% compared to control). However, all the ultrasonic pretreatment did not increase the DH of DWGP significantly (p > 0.05). The changes in UV–Vis spectra, SH and SS groups, surface hydrophobicity and hydrophobic protein content indicated that the structure of DWGP unfolded after ultrasound pretreatment. The HAA content of hydrolysate from the pretreated DWGP increased significantly (p < 0.05). The results proved that ultrasound pretreatment loosed the protein structure and exposed more HAA residues of protein to be attacked easily by alcalase. This resulted in the increase in the HAA content which related to the ACE inhibitory activity.     

不同酸解聚麦秸产物分析及其动力学

以麦秸为研究对象,解聚剂为HCl、HNO₃和H₃PO₄,对解聚产物进行定性和定量分析,并利用动力学模型描述木糖及糠醛的产生过程。 结果表明,解聚液中的产物有葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、纤维二糖、乙酸、糠醛、5-羟甲基糠醛。 通过引入变量(α,木糖/木聚糖的比值)利用Saeman动力学模型获得了不同温度下,木聚糖的水解速率常数、木糖的转化速率常数以及糠醛的生成速率常数。 HCl、HNO₃和H₃PO₄解聚麦秸,木糖的生成活化能分别为55.5、46.3和59.8 kJ/mol。 结合反应温度、反应时间、反应速率以及木糖和糠醛的浓度,确定最佳解聚条件为:硝酸作解聚剂,在130 ℃下水解95 min。     

LPCVD法制备的高纯半绝缘4H-SiC晶体ESR谱特性

利用电子自旋共振波谱（ESR）仪,分析由低压化学气相沉积（LPCVD）法制备的高纯半绝缘4H-SiC材料本征缺陷.结果发现,在暗场条件下获得的缺陷信息具有碳空位（V_C）及其络合物的特征;谱线具有半高宽较大、峰谷明显不对称的特点.分析认为造成ESR谱线半高宽较大及峰谷不对称现象的主要原因是测试温度较高.同时,吸收谱中峰谷不对称现象及较大半高宽现象的出现还与不对称的晶格结构及缺陷浓度的不均匀分布有关.在110 K测试温度下,能级上的电子分布对ESR谱特性影响很小. 关键词： 低压化学气相沉积 高纯半绝缘4H-SiC 电子自旋共振 本征缺陷     

样条变换集成罚函数偏最小二乘方法用于光谱数据重构和定量分析

针对高维小样本光谱数据所显现的函数型数据(Functional data)特性、与性质参数的非线性关系及变量间存有的严重共线性,采用了样条变换集成罚函数偏最小二乘回归新技术.它首先以三次B基样条变换实现非线性光谱数据的线性化重构,随后将重构的新光谱矩阵交由罚函数偏最小二乘法(Penalized PLS)构建其与性质参变量间的校正模型,其中罚函数中的光滑因子由交叉验证优化确定以调控模型的拟合精度.最后,通过小麦样品水分含量的近红外光谱定量分析,结果显示该技术光谱数据重构稳健,去噪明显,并有效解决高维小样本的过拟合和变量间的共线性,而预测集的均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.1808%,方法的非线性校正模型预测能力得到了明显提高.     

Preparation and properties of wheat gluten/silica composites

Wheat gluten (WG)/silica (SiO₂) hybrids were prepared through in-situ synthesis of SiO₂ in WG dispersion of aqueous ammonia. The hybrids with different SiO₂ contents were mixed with glycerol plasticizer to form cohesive dough and the dough was compressively molded to form cross-linked sheets. Morphology, moisture absorption, protein solubility in water, tensile mechanical properties and dynamic rheological behavior of the WG/SiO₂ composites were investigated in relation to SiO₂ contents. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50773068) and Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. Y407011)     

最小二乘支持向量机方法对冬小麦叶面积指数反演的普适性研究

冬小麦叶面积指数(leaf area index, LAI)是进行作物长势判断和产量估测的重要农学指标之一,高光谱遥感技术为大面积、快速监测植被LAI提供了有效途径。在探讨利用最小二乘支持向量机(least squares support vector machines, LS-SVM)方法和高光谱数据对不同条件下冬小麦LAI的估算能力。在用主成分分析法(principal component analysis, PCA)对PHI航空数据降维的基础上,利用实测LAI数据和高光谱反射率数据,构建LS-SVM模型,采用独立变量法,分别估算不同株型品种、不同生育时期、不同氮素和水分处理条件下的冬小麦LAI,并与传统NDVI模型反演结果对比。结果显示,每种条件下的LS-SVM 模型都具有比NDVI模型更高的决定系数和更低的均方根误差值, 即反演精度高于相应的NDVI模型。NDVI模型对不同株型品种、不同氮素和水分条件下冬小麦LAI估算精度不稳定,LS-SVM则表现出较好的稳定性。表明LS-SVM 方法利用高光谱反射率数据对于不同条件下的冬小麦LAI反演具有良好的学习能力和普适性。     

冬小麦冻害胁迫高光谱分析与冻害严重度反演

对冬小麦冻害严重度的精确反演是及时采取补救措施降低损失的关键,同时及时预测产量损失对政府职能部门也具有积极意义。针对冬小麦冻害群体严重度评估方法在经典统计反演模型存在估算效果不理想的情况下,以冬小麦为试验对象,首先对冬小麦冠层光谱反射率数据进行重采样平滑处理,再用主成分分析(PCA)技术对高光谱数据进行分析,进一步实现综合原始光谱主成分信息作为自变量参与冬小麦冻害严重度反演过程,最后采用决定系数R2、均方根误差RMSE、准确度Accuracy三种模型精度验证方法对模型进行评价。结果显示,基于主成分分析法建立冬小麦冻害严重度模型精度分别达0.697 5,0.184 2和0.697 5;同时对反演模型进行验证,其精度也分别达到0.630 9,0.350 3和1.339 6。因此,该方法能有效地对冬小麦冻害严重度进行快速、精确的反演。     

冬小麦不同生育时期叶面积指数反演方法

针对当前作物叶面积指数遥感反演过程中,在不同生育时期采用相同的植被指数进行反演存在叶面积指数反演精度较低的问题。以冬小麦为研究对象,选取了对冬小麦覆盖度响应程度不同的六种宽带和四种窄带共10种植被指数,分析比较了在冬小麦整个生育期选用当前广泛使用的归一化植被指数(NDVI)反演冬小麦的LAI和在冬小麦不同生长阶段选用不同的植被指数反演冬小麦LAI的结果差异。在冬小麦整个生育期内使用NDVI反演小麦LAI得到的LAI反演值和真实值之间的R2=0.558 5,RMSE=0.320 9。改进的比值植被指数(mSR)适合于反演冬小麦生长前期(拔节期之前)的LAI,得到的LAI反演值和真实值之间的相关系数r=0.728 7,均方根误差RMSE=0.297 1;比值植被指数(SR)适于反演冬小麦生长中期(拔节到抽穗前),得到的LAI反演值和真实值之间的R2=0.654 6,RMSE=0.306 1;NDVI适于反演冬小麦生长后期(抽穗到成熟期)的LAI,得到的LAI反演值和真实值之间的R2=0.679 4,均方根误差RMSE=0.316 4。 研究表明：在冬小麦的不同生育时期,根据地表作物覆盖度的变化和反射率的变化,选择不同的植被指数建立冬小麦LAI的反演模型获得的反演精度均高于在冬小麦整个生育期使用NDVI获得的反演结果。说明在冬小麦的不同生育时期选择不同的植被指数构建LAI的分段反演模型可以改善冬小麦LAI的反演精度。     

高效液相色谱法分离和测定小麦中的5种内源激素

建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)用于分离和测定小麦中的吲哚乙酸(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA₃)、玉米素(ZT)和水杨酸(SA)5种植物内源激素。经过条件优化,选用甲醇作为样品提取溶剂。然后,经石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取,经Sep-Pak C18小柱纯化。液相色谱的分离采用Eclipse XDB-C₁₈ (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)反相色谱柱;流速为1 mL/min;进样量10 μL。检测器波长设置为254 nm; 14.5 min时切换到240 nm; SA洗脱后即18 min时切换回254 nm。流动相A为甲醇,B为乙酸溶液(pH 3.6)。梯度条件为0~7 min, 20%A; 7~10 min, 20%A~28%A; 10~17 min, 28%A; 17~19 min, 28%A~40%A; 19~35 min, 40%A。结果表明,小麦中各激素的分离效果理想,加标回收率达96.9%~98%,相对标准偏差在1.54%~2.29%之间。因此,该方法的建立为快速、准确地分离和测定小麦内源激素提供了可靠的方法。