废旧电池中的重金属对人体的危害

讨论了废旧电池对环境的致毒作用和对人体健康的危害，介绍了废旧电池中重金属在生物体中的吸收、转化、分布、作用部位及毒性，指出人类社会的可持续性发展与自然生态循环的协调一致要求从源头上制止污染，而不是在术端治理污染，即从根本上改变人类的物质生活方式，重新回到生态系统的框架之内。     

多溴联苯醚及其环境问题

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是全球性的环境污染物,对其环境问题的研究已成为当前环境科学的一大热点,而我国PBDEs的研究刚刚起步.本文介绍了多溴联苯醚的性质、应用、污染来源、环境行为、污染水平、趋势、控制措施以及分析方法等,综述了国内外对PBDEs的研究情况,讨论了目前存在的问题,为我国开展PBDEs的研究提供参考.     

Current approaches to trace analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment

A large number of xenobiotics including pharmaceuticals and personal care products are continuously released into the environment. Effluents from sewage treatment plants are well known to be the major source for introduction of pharmaceuticals and personal care products into the aquatic system. In recent years, reliable methods have been established for residue analysis of these pollutants down to low ng/L levels. In this review, the different approaches to their trace determination are reviewed with special attention being paid to sample preparation procedures, state-of-the-art high-performance separation methods hyphenated with mass spectrometry, and immunochemical methods.     

溴的生物必需性(二)

根据微量元素必需性的经典定义,从溴的生态地球化学、溴的生物学功能及溴的人体健康效应方面论述了溴是生命必需微量元素的16项理由.分3期刊出.本期发表第二部分.     

土木工程结构健康监测系统的研究状况与进展

土木工程结构健康监测的研究是近年来国际学术研究的热点问题之一,涉及许多不同的研究领域,如数据采集系统、信号处理、结构分析等.阐述了实施土木工程结构健康监测的必要性和迫切性,介绍了结构健康监测系统的概念、组成及其应用,分析研究了结构健康监测系统的各个子系统的功能、特点和实现方法,重点讨论了实现各子系统的理论、方法和存在的若干力学问题,论述了结构健康监测在国内外土木工程领域的应用状况,最后对结构健康监测领域的几个重要问题做了展望.      

高速列车服役模拟建模与计算方法研究

高速铁路的出现,使得轮轨交通技术达到更高的层次.速度提升不仅对列车的牵引动力与动力学性能提出更高要求.而且,列车与线路、气流等运行环境的耦合作用加剧,并直接影响到了列车的运行品质和安全性.在高速列车发展初期,研究关注的是如何保证高速列车能高速、平稳和安全运行.随着运行速度的提高,系统间耦合加强,服役模拟也越来越受到重视...     

Heuristic algorithms for a vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pickup and time windows in home health care

This paper addresses a vehicle scheduling problem encountered in home health care logistics. It concerns the delivery of drugs and medical devices from the home care company’s pharmacy to patients’ homes, delivery of special drugs from a hospital to patients, pickup of bio samples and unused drugs and medical devices from patients. The problem can be considered as a special vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pickup and time windows, with four types of demands: delivery from depot to patient, delivery from a hospital to patient, pickup from a patient to depot and pickup from a patient to a medical lab. Each patient is visited by one vehicle and each vehicle visits each node at most once. Patients are associated with time windows and vehicles with capacity. Two mixed-integer programming models are proposed. We then propose a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and a Tabu Search (TS) method. The GA is based on a permutation chromosome, a split procedure and local search. The TS is based on route assignment attributes of patients, an augmented cost function, route re-optimization, and attribute-based aspiration levels. These approaches are tested on test instances derived from existing VRPTW benchmarks.     

A statistical dynamics approach to the study of human health data: Resolving population scale diurnal variation in laboratory data

Statistical physics and information theory is applied to the clinical chemistry measurements present in a patient database containing 2.5 million patients' data over a 20-year period. Despite the seemingly naive approach of aggregating all patients over all times (with respect to particular clinical chemistry measurements), both a diurnal signal in the decay of the time-delayed mutual information and the presence of two sub-populations with differing health are detected. This provides a proof in principle that the highly fragmented data in electronic health records has potential for being useful in defining disease and human phenotypes.     

A Population Dynamics Model with Parental Care

A model for an agestructured unlimited population dynamics with parental care of offspring is presented (migration of individuals is not taken into account). The model consists of six partial integrodifferential equations for single males, single females, pairs with offspring under parental care, pairs without offspring under parental care, and offspring of the male and female sex. A class of separable solutions is constructed.     

Investigation of scattering of elastic waves by cylinders in 1-3 piezocomposites

The scattering behavior of P-waves in piezoelectric composites with 1–3 connectivity is studied. The method of wave function expansion is adopted for the theoretical derivations. Analytical expressions are obtained for the distributions of mechanical displacement in z-direction along the circumferences of piezoelectric cylinders. These solutions are used to study the influence of each element of the stiffness matrix and the piezoelectric matrix on the various resonant modes of vibration. Numerical results obtained indicate that perturbations of the elements c₄₄ and e₁₅ significantly affect resonant frequencies and amplitudes, perturbations of c₁₁ and c₁₂ have pronounced effects on resonant modes of high frequencies also. However, the resonant modes are not so sensitive to the perturbations of c₁₃, e₃₁ and e₃₃. The dynamic characteristics of 1–3 connectivity piezoelectric composites exposed here are meaningful for the design and manufacture of sensor/actuator elements by this kind of composites as well as the on-line health monitoring of the mechanical properties variations of the composites itself.