Analytical Study of a Picrate Ion Selective Membrane Electrode Using Chloride as Reference Anion

Abstract

A series of anion selective electrodes of the liquid membrane type have been examined with respect to selectivity characteristics. The resulting selectivity data are examined in terms of theory of liquid membrane electrodes and correlations are made with extraction constants.     

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over Ni-Mo-Mg-O catalysts

In this work, a series of Ni-Mo-Mg-O catalysts with mesoporous structure prepared by sol-gel method were investigated for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP). The techniques of temperature-programmed reduction with H2 (H2-TPR), N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were employed for catalyst characterization. It is found that the activity of the catalysts for ODHP increases first and then decreases with the increase of Mo content. The catalyst with a Mo/Ni atomic ratio of 1/1 exhibits the best catalytic activity, which gives the propene selectivity of 81.4% at a propane conversion of 11.3% under 600°C and maintains the good catalytic performance for 22 h on stream. This is related not only to its high reducibility and dispersion as revealed by TPR and XRD, but also to the formation of more selective oxygen species on the MoOx-NiO interface as identified by XPS.     

Comparison of Single Pulse and Double Simultaneous Pulse Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

A simple and cost-effective variant of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy is presented that involves a double simultaneous pulse configuration employing a single laser source. Its performance is compared with conventional single pulse configuration. Double simultaneous pulses were accomplished by splitting a Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 6 ns, 360 mJ) beam into two components that were focused on the sample surface to produce two concurrent breakdowns. Experiment was repeated for single pulse and double simultaneous pulses under different ambient pressures. The performance was evaluated on the basis of self-absorption, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and relative standard deviation (RSD) of the Mg II doublet (280.2704 nm, 279.553 nm). Optically thin emission lines of better profiles with higher signal-to-noise ratio resulted from double simultaneous pulses. The lowest relative standard deviations obtained by single pulse and double simultaneous pulse configurations were 18.89% and 12.01%, respectively. In fact, double simultaneous pulses have performed better than single pulse in all respects within the studied regime.     

Potassium Ion-Selective Field-Effect Transistor (ISFET) Sensors: Studies on Gate Dimensions and Ion-Implantation Levels

Abstract

Silicon nitride membrane ISFET sensor chips have been produced with varying gate dimensions. A series of width/length (W/L) aspect ratios have been examined, combined with three levels of boron ion-implant. The level of ion-implantation affects the threshold voltage; this is important as a low threshold voltage allows the use of low noise operating conditions. Gate dimensions are also important factors for they determine the level of drain current for a given gate and drain voltages. A novel design feature, aimed at achieving wide gates, is the use of folded gates as well as having a straight structure. The evaluation of devices with gates covered with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-valinomycin-dioctyl adipate was based on their response to potassium chloride standards when it was shown that there may be a maximum width of gate above which there is no improvement of response. Also, the effect of folding the gate structure is discussed and shown to be tenable, thus permitting greater miniaturisation.     

Determination of three-dimensional solubility parameters of chlorinated polypropylene by ultrasonic degradation

The degradation reactions of chlorinated polypropylene (CPP) in toluene under ultrasonic irradiation were studied. The Mark–Houwink equation acquired from fractional precipitations was also suitable for estimating the molecular weight of degraded CPP. An objective standard was proposed for judging the solution behaviour of CPP in solvents by the study on the relative solubility of CPP before and after degradation. Then Hansen three-dimensional solubility parameters and the total parameter of CPP were obtained by optimization calculation in terms of the criterion proposed here. It was proved that the total parameter of CPP is creditable by the turbidity method. Compared to other standards, the result obtained from the proposed standard accorded well with the standard of complete miscibility suggested by Flory–Huggins for polymers and solvents as well as the objective reality. This standard may provide a reference for other polymers.     

Energy Levels and Band Intensities of Neodymium Organic Acid Complexes

Abstract

The optical absorption spectra of Nd³⁺ ion in glutamic, L-aspartic and maleic acids in UV-VIS and NIR regions have been recorded. From the spectral data thus obtained, various spectroscopic parameters are evaluated. The radiative lifetimes (γ_R) and branching ratios (β) for the excited states of Nd³⁺ ion in three acids have been computed. The relationship between the environment sensitive Judd-Ofelt parameter (ω₂) and the intensities of hypersensitive level (⁴G_5/2) is in good coincidence following the Judd-Ofelt theory.     

聚丙烯酰胺纳米复合水凝胶研究进展

传统化学交联的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)水凝胶由于力学性能较弱,其应用范围受到很大限制。与之相比,采用纳米复合技术制备的PAM纳米复合(NC)水凝胶,不仅大幅提高了力学性能,而且在溶胀率等方面也有明显的提高。本文结合该领域近年来的研究进展,将PAM NC水凝胶分为纯物理交联和化学物理交联相结合两类,重点讨论了NC水凝胶在力学性能方面的研究结果,对溶胀率等其它方面的性能也进行了综合论述。     

不同孪晶界密度银纳米线拉伸形变行为的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟了不同孪晶界密度银纳米线的拉伸形变行为, 分析了孪晶界密度对多晶银纳米线屈服强度、弹性模量和塑性变形机理的影响. 在弹性形变区域, 孪晶界的存在对杨氏模量变化的作用不明显. 在塑性形变阶段, 首先从表面边缘开始产生位错成核, 然后延伸并受阻于孪晶界. 在进一步拉伸载荷作用下, 孪晶界将作为位错源产生新的位错. 模拟结果表明, 银纳米线的强度与孪晶界和晶粒的尺寸有关. 孪晶界密度较小(即晶粒的长径比大于1)时, 此纳米线的屈服应力比单晶纳米线还要小, 只有当孪晶界密度较大时(即晶粒的长径比小于1), 孪晶界使得纳米线得到强化. 综合分析了孪晶界和晶粒尺寸对银纳米线的影响, 为构建高强度金属纳米线打下基础. 最后讨论了温度和拉伸速度对孪晶纳米线屈服应力所产生的影响, 随着温度的升高, 孪晶纳米线与单晶纳米线的屈服应力差先升高后趋于稳定; 当拉伸速度逐渐增大, 孪晶纳米线与单晶纳米线的屈服应力差先稳定后增大.     

马来酸酐接枝稀土异戊橡胶接枝率的测试方法

以马来酸酐(MAH)和稀土异戊橡胶(IR)聚合液为主要原料,采用溶液接枝改性反应制备了马来酸酐接枝稀土异戊橡胶(IR-g-MAH)。以IR-g-MAH接枝率的测试方法为研究对象,对比直接滴定法和返滴法,并进一步优化直接滴定法的测试条件。实验结果表明,直接滴定法测试的结果准确度高、重复性好,且测试过程简单。其较优的测试条件为:水解试剂为乙醇,样品用量为0.2~0.5g,KOH-乙醇标准溶液浓度为0.02~0.06mol/L。     

Atomic transition probabilities for selected Yb II lines emitted from a ferroelectric plasma source

The relative intensities of several hundred emission lines of Yb II between 200 nm and 900 nm were obtained with the use of ferroelectric plasma source. These relative intensities obtained for lines from 21 energy levels have been used to determine the line branching fractions, which have then been combined with accurate experimental radiative lifetime measurements to give absolute transition probabilities for 111 Yb II lines. The obtained values were compared with theoretical and experimental data taken from available literature.