Where Forward-Looking and Backward-Looking Models Meet

The present paper begins by deriving an instantaneous formulation for the backward-looking (reinforcement based learning) satisfaction balance model of Gray and Tallman (1984). This model is then used to generate interactional data from four simulated agents in a network interaction experiment. Because this initial model does not generate stable interaction structures in the network experiment, it is altered step by step in the direction of a forward-looking (agent with goals) model that has been shown to generate such stable interaction structures. The purpose of the modifications are to learn what aspects of the forward-looking model are needed to evolve a stable interaction structure, and to learn how these aspects may be incorporated into a model that remains essentially reinforcement based.     

Stable Planes from Lie Groups with Planar Partitions

We describe necessary and sufficient conditions under which a topological translation structure obtained from a Lie group with planar partition can be turned into a stable plane, thereby proving a conjecture due to Stroppel.     

Approximations for interactive Markov chains in discrete and continuous time

A class of models called interactive Markov chains is studied in both discrete and continuous time. These models were introduced by Conlisk and serve as a rich class for sociological modeling, because they allow for interactions among individuals. In discrete time, it is proved that the Markovian processes converge to a deterministic process almost surely as the population size becomes infinite. More importantly, the normalized process is shown to be asymptotically normal with specified mean vector and covariance matrix. In continuous time, the chain is shown to converge weakly to a diffusion process with specified drift and scale terms. The distributional results will allow for the construction of a likelihood function from interactive Markov chain data, so these results will be important for questions of statistical inference. An example from manpower planning is given which indicates the use of this theory in constructing and evaluating control policies for certain social systems.     

Synthesis of two new cage molecules containing trinitromethyl group

<正>Two new cage compounds,4-trinitroethyl-10-nitro-2,6,8,12-tetraacetylhexaazaisowurtzitane(3) and 4-trinitroethyl- 2,6,8,10,12-pentanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(4),containing trinitromethyl group were synthesized by a novel method,and their structures were confirmed by IR,~1H NMR,MS and single crystal X-ray.DSC result shows that compound 4 has surprising thermal stability and could be a potential energetic compound.     

Fuzzy子群的等高元

讨论了fuzzy子群的等高元的若干性质并依此对群G中元素做了几种分类。     

A new theory for symmetry orbital and tensor (Ⅱ)——Symmetric reduction of molecular integrals and self-consistent field calculations

The symmetry orbital-symmetry orbital tensor method is applied to the evaluation of molecular integrals (one-electron and two-electron integrals) and the symmetry-orbital-tensor and self-consistent-field (SOT-SCF) calculations. A calculation scheme is proposed to simplify the evaluation of integrals and a key equation is derived to reduce the computation efforts in SCF iterations. According to the key equation, compared with the traditional SCF method, the computation efficiencies including CPU timing and external disk (or internal memory) requirement increase in the magnitude of the square of the order of a point group. The new SOT method is expected to be useful in the theoretical calculations of large molecular systems of high point group symmetries.     

Compatibility Range in Polymer Mixtures. An approach using analogue calorimetry and group contribution procedures

The mixing enthalpies of blends of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) were investigated by analogue calorimetry through the determination of the excess enthalpies of pseudobinary model mixtures corresponding to the addition of methyl-i-butyrate to a binary mixture of acetonitrile or propionitrile plus toluene or ethylbenzene. A group contribution procedure, based on UNIQUAC equation, was also devised and the polymeric mixing enthalpies were calculated from properly defined group contributions. Enthalpies for polymeric interactions were introduced into the Flory-Huggins equation and the miscibility window of PMMA-SAN mixtures was calculated. The results show a qualitative agreement with the experimental miscibility data and indicate that both the analogue calorimetry and the group contribution procedures yield correct results when acetonitrile, and not propionitrile, is chosen as the model for the polyacrylonitrile repeat unit of the copolymer. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Homologous SNV Reaction: Synthesis of l‐Methyl‐4‐[4′‐phenylsulfonyl‐1′,3′‐butadienyl]pyridinium Iodide and Its Reactivity with Thiol Groups Giving Rise to the Chromophoric Thioether

Thioether 4‐[(1′E,3′E)‐4′‐phenylsulfanyl‐1,3′‐butadienyl]pyridine 8 and sulfone 4‐(4′‐phenylsulfonyl‐1′,3′‐butadienyl)pyridine 14 were prepared by reaction of the carbanions derived from allylic thioether or allylic sulfone with isonicotinaldehyde. The reaction with the sulfonyl carbanion occurred at the α position and on heating the alcolate gave the dienic sulfone 14 . The corresponding pyridinium iodide 10 and 15 were prepared by reaction with methyl iodide, respectively, on pyridine derivates 8 and 14 . The dienic pyridinium thioether 10 showed a long wavelength absorption band centered at 420 nm. The reaction of dienic pyridinium sulfone 15 with thiophenol gave the dienic pyridinium thioether 10 by a nucleophilic vinylic substitution. The reaction of sulfone 15 with glutathione was of second order and the rate constant was 8.5 M^?1s^?1 at 30°C and pH 7, about 500 times smaller than the rate constant observed with (E)‐1‐methyl‐4‐(2‐methylsulfonyl‐1‐ethenyl)pyridinium iodide 1 . The dienic pyridinium thioether 10 was a negative solvatochrome.