Quantum-Like Interdependence Theory Advances Autonomous Human–Machine Teams (A-HMTs)

As humanity grapples with the concept of autonomy for human–machine teams (A-HMTs), unresolved is the necessity for the control of autonomy that instills trust. For non-autonomous systems in states with a high degree of certainty, rational approaches exist to solve, model or control stable interactions; e.g., game theory, scale-free network theory, multi-agent systems, drone swarms. As an example, guided by artificial intelligence (AI, including machine learning, ML) or by human operators, swarms of drones have made spectacular gains in applications too numerous to list (e.g., crop management; mapping, surveillance and fire-fighting systems; weapon systems). But under states of uncertainty or where conflict exists, rational models fail, exactly where interdependence theory thrives. Large, coupled physical or information systems can also experience synergism or dysergism from interdependence. Synergistically, the best human teams are not only highly interdependent, but they also exploit interdependence to reduce uncertainty, the focus of this work-in-progress and roadmap. We have long argued that interdependence is fundamental to human autonomy in teams. But for A-HMTs, no mathematics exists to build from rational theory or social science for their design nor safe or effective operation, a severe weakness. Compared to the rational and traditional social theory, we hope to advance interdependence theory first by mapping similarities between quantum theory and our prior findings; e.g., to maintain interdependence, we previously established that boundaries reduce dysergic effects to allow teams to function (akin to blocking interference to prevent quantum decoherence). Second, we extend our prior findings with case studies to predict with interdependence theory that as uncertainty increases in non-factorable situations for humans, the duality in two-sided beliefs serves debaters who explore alternatives with tradeoffs in the search for the best path going forward. Third, applied to autonomous teams, we conclude that a machine in an A-HMT must be able to express itself to its human teammates in causal language however imperfectly.     

Solution and its application of transient stream/groundwater model subjected to time-dependent vertical seepage

Based on the first linearized Boussinesq equation,the analytical solution of the transient groundwater model,which is used for describing phreatic flow in a semi- infinite aquifer bounded by a linear stream and subjected to time-dependent vertical seepage,is derived out by Laplace transform and the convolution integral.According to the mathematical characteristics of the solution,different methods for estimating aquifer parameters are constructed to satisfy different hydrological conditions.Then,the equation for estimating water exchange between stream and aquifer is proposed,and a recursion equation or estimating the intensity of phreatic evaporation is also proposed.A phreatic aquifer stream system located in Hualbei Plain,Anhui Province,China,is taken as an example to demonstrate the estimation process of the methods stated herein.     

Profile distribution of As(III) and As(V) species in soil and groundwater in Bozanta area

The profile distribution of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) species in soil and groundwater was investigated in the samples collected in 2005 from a hand-drilled well, in the Bozanta area, Baia Mare region, Romania. The total content of arsenic in the soil was in the range of 525–672 mg kg⁻¹ exceeding 21–27 times the action trigger level for sensitive soil. 0.9–11.3 % of the total content was soluble in water, 83.0–92.6 % in 10 mol dm⁻³ HCl and 2.6–13.3 % was the residual fraction. Arsenic(V) was the dominant arsenic species in the soil in the range of 405–580 mg kg⁻¹. The distribution and mobility of arsenic species was governed by soil pH and contents of Al, Fe, and Mn. The mobility of arsenic(V) decreased with depth, while that of arsenic(III) was high at the surface and in the proximity of groundwater. The total concentration of arsenic in groundwater was (43.40 ± 1.70) μg dm⁻³, which exceeded the maximum contaminant level of 10 μg dm⁻³. Presented at the 33rd International Conference of the Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, Tatranské Matliare, 22–26 May 2006.     

A unified network performance measure with importance identification and the ranking of network components

In this paper, we propose the first network performance measure that can be used to assess the efficiency of a network in the case of either fixed or elastic demands. Such a measure is needed for many different applications since only when the performance of a network can be quantifiably measured can the network be appropriately managed. Moreover, as we demonstrate, the proposed performance measure, which captures flow information and behavior, allows one to determine the criticality of various nodes (as well as links) through the identification of their importance and ranking. We present specific networks for which the performance/efficiency is computed along with the importance rankings of the nodes and links. The new measure can be applied to transportation networks, supply chains, financial networks, electric power generation and distribution networks as well as to the Internet and can be used to assess the vulnerability of a network to disruptions.     

地面核磁偏共振响应特征与复包络反演方法

地面核磁共振(surface nuclear magnetic resonance,SNMR)方法在地下水探测领域具有直接、定量和解释唯一等优势,但是由于地磁场存在不均匀、随时间变化和易受噪声影响等难以确定的问题,导致偏共振激发,严重影响反演结果的准确性.本文基于地面核磁偏共振(surface nuclear magnetic off-resonance,SNMOR)模型和相应的核函数表达式,讨论了频率偏量对偏共振信号的影响,并提出了基于系统相位自动搜索和信号实部与虚部同时参与的复包络反演方法.通过仿真模型和反演结果对比得到:偏共振信号相位随频率的增加而增大,仿真模型中的信号幅度最大提高了65.9%;当频率偏量大于2 Hz时,利用SNMOR核函数的反演结果的准确度明显优于SNMR核函数的结果;当噪声较大时,复包络方法充分利用测量数据的有用信息,比常规幅度反演具有更高的稳定性和可靠性.最后,通过野外实测数据和反演结果,验证了本文提出的SNMOR模型和复包络反演方法的有效性和准确性,为地下水探测领域提供了新的技术手段.     

黄河口地区环境脆弱性的遥感反演

环境脆弱性定量遥感研究,可以为环境脆弱性研究提供稳定的数据源支撑。通过遥感反演获取区域环境脆弱性的空间分布。从土壤和植被角度, 构建了环境脆弱性综合评价指标体系, 采用AHP-模糊评判方法计算采样点环境脆弱度,并将其分别与样点ETM+光谱反射率及其转换数据的相关关系进行分析,确定其敏感波段, 在此基础上,采用传统回归方法、基于BP人工神经网络分析方法和支持向量机回归方法建立环境脆弱度的光谱反演模型,并采用该模型对研究区的环境脆弱度进行反演,得到环境脆弱性度时空分布图。结果表明, 返青期NDVI、九月份NDVI以及返青期的亮度分量是环境脆弱度的ETM+敏感光谱参数,模型精度比较结果显示,除了支持向量机模型外,其他模型都达到了显著水平,其中以BP神经网络模型的精度最高,传统回归模型也可满足预测需要,但多元回归的模拟精度要高于一元回归模型。研究结果可为大空间尺度的卫星水平环境脆弱性遥感反演提供理论支持。     

基于BP神经网络模型模拟塔里木河下游潜水埋深变化——以英苏断面C5井为例

本文以塔里木河下游英苏断面350m处C5井为研究对象,分析了影响下游英苏断面的潜水埋深影响因素,通过三层BP神经网络模型模拟了潜水埋深变化．以Matlab7．0为工作平台,将2000．7-2008．12期间的英苏C5井的步长为3个月数据资料作为一个样本,选取每个样本的输水量、输水持续天数、上季度该井的潜水埋深平均值作为模型输入量,输出量为相应的C5井的本季度的潜水埋深平均值,建立3—11-1的BP神经网络模型,模拟了C5井潜水埋深．结果表明,网络模拟相对误差小于5％,模型具有较高的精度．通过BP模型模拟潜水埋深,为塔河下游生态恢复和水资源决策提供一定的依据．     

Determination of chlorobenzenes in environmental samples using solid phase microextraction, thermal desorption and analysis by gas chromatography coupled to FID, ECD, MSD, IRD detectors

Summary A complex method was developed for the determination of chlorobenzenes in soil and groundwater samples. Samples were taken at two sites in Baranya county, where a mixture of chlorobenzene waste was deposited, causing severe contamination in the environment. Clean-up of these sites demands modern and reliable analytical methods. Several sample preparation techniques were used, such as solid phase microextraction (SPME), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and a recently developed thermal desorption method. The applicability of various sample preparation methods was compared by measuring recovery percentages, relative standard deviations and by investigating the matrix dependency of these values. Gas chromatography was used for quantitative determination of chlorobenzenes, using MS, IR, FID and ECD detection techniques. Detection levels were as low as 1 ppt in water, and 10 ppt in soil samples. Chlorobenzene concentration was in the range 1 ppt-1 ppm in water and 100 ppb-100 ppm in soil samples. Identification and calibration of these compounds were performed by quantitative standards. This complex analytical method can be used for rapid and precise quantitative and qualitative determination of chlorobenzenes. Presented at: Balaton Symposium on High-Performance Separation Methods, Siófok, Hungary, September 3–5, 1997     

高层建筑物荷载与地下水开采叠加作用下的地面沉降特征

在地下水开采和高层建筑荷载叠加作用下,城市地面沉降分布愈加复杂。以天津塘沽地区为例,考虑到土体在固结沉降中的平衡条件、弹性本构条件、变形协调条件和水流连续条件,以比奥固结理论为基础,建立了高层建筑荷载和地下水开采叠加作用下三维地面沉降模型,采用有限元方法进行了数值计算。结果表明,高层建筑物的附加荷载作用在其建成后的3~4a内将产生可观的地面沉降量; 抽水和高层建筑荷载叠加作用下的地面沉降存在耦合效应,叠加作用下的地面沉降值小于可比条件下单独抽水和单独荷载作用下地面沉降值之和。     

A Simple Analytical Method for Monitoring the Total Concentration of Heavy Metal Ions in Environmental Waters

Abstract

A non-sophisticated analytical procedure has been developed for monitoring the sum of heavy metal elements which form stronger EDTA complexes than manganese(II). It is based on complexation of the heavy metals with EDTA and a catalytic indication of its stoichiometry. The equivalence point is determined visually using the substitution reaction between Mn(II)-EDTA and heavy metal ions, followed by the Mn(II)-catalyzed oxidation of Acid Blue 45 dye with hydrogen peroxide. The method has a reasonable accuracy, uses simple test equipment and stable reagents, there are few interferences and it can be carried out by non-technical personnel. Neither preconcentration nor dilution of the sample is required and it is applicable to aqueous samples containing heavy metals down to ppm levels. Some applications to river and groundwaters are shown.