Time‐resolved coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy impulsively excited by supercontinuum

Time‐resolved coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) impulsively excited by a supercontinuum (SC) is investigated. We show that it is critical to optimize the temporal overlapping of the constituent solitons of a SC in order to impulsively excite vibrational modes over a broad frequency range. The cross‐correlation frequency‐resolved optical gating technique is utilized to retrieve the optical response function of molecules under SC impulsive excitation, and background‐free CARS with spectral resolution significantly better than the bandwidth of the probe pulses is achieved. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

光化学烧孔及其在频域光存储中的应用

光化学光谱烧孔是近年来发展起来的一种高新技术,在超高密度光学存储中有着光明的应用前景。本文着重从材料科学的角度介绍了其基本原理、材料特性及其在频域光存储技术中应用的最新进展情况。     

Voltage‐Driven Reversible Insertion into and Leaving from a Lipid Bilayer: Tuning Transmembrane Transport of Artificial Channels

Three new artificial transmembrane channel molecules have been designed and synthesized by attaching positively charged Arg‐incorporated tripeptide chains to pillar[5]arene. Fluorescent and patch‐clamp experiments revealed that voltage can drive the molecules to insert into and leave from a lipid bilayer and thus switch on and off the transport of K⁺ ions. One of the molecules was found to display antimicrobial activity toward Bacillus subtilis with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 10 μM which is comparable to that of natural channel‐forming peptide alamethicin.     

Neuron model with conductance-resistance symmetry

This paper is to derive a mathematical model for neuron by imposing only a principle of symmetry that two modelers must obtain the same model when one models the conductances of ion channels and the other models the channels' resistances. Conductance-voltage characteristics for ion transport channels and protein gating channels are both derived. They are expressed as products of maximal conductances and opening probabilities for both types of channel. It gives an explanation to the role of spontaneous firing of individual channel pores and to the origin of leak current. The model has a better fit to a classical data than the Hodgkin-Huxley model does. It can also be reduced to a 2-dimensional model qualitatively similar to the FitzHugh-Nagumo equation and be expanded to a model of three ion channels capable of spike bursts.     

Effect of gating currents of ion channels on the collective spiking activity of coupled Hodgkin-Huxley neurons

Based on the coupled stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley neurons, we numerically studied the effect of gating currents of ion channels, as well as coupling and the number of neurons, on the collective spiking rate and regularity in the coupled system. It was found, for a given coupling strength and with a relatively large number of neurons, when gating currents are applied, the collective spiking regularity decreases; meanwhile, the collective spiking rate increases, indicating that gating currents can aggravate the desynchronization of the spikings of all neurons. However, gating currents caused hardly any effect in the spiking of any individual neuron of the coupled system. This result, different from the reduction of the spiking rate by gating currents in a single neuron, provides a new insight into the effect of gating currents on the global information processing and signal transduction in real neural systems. Supported by the Science Foundation of Ludong University (Grant Nos. 23140301, L20072805)     

pH和钙离子协同控制的纳米流体门控器件

生命体内的钙离子通道在各种生物功能调节过程及生命活动中起着至关重要的作用. 模仿生物体中钙离子通道的各种功能性, 构建人工智能通道, 并研究通道中的钙离子输运性能成为一项非常重要的研究课题. 通过重粒子轰击技术及径迹刻蚀方法在高分子聚合物薄膜上设计并制备了一种非对称的锥形多孔纳米通道. 并且通过在锥形纳米通道内壁修饰功能分子O-磷酸基L-络氨酸(OPLT)使纳米通道具有pH与钙离子协同响应的功能. 此体系模仿了生物体中钙离子响应的离子通道的离子输运行为, 及类似二极管的离子整流特性, 并表现出了稳定的离子门控特性及可逆性. 当pH为5时, 通道内壁修饰的OPLT中的氨基使通道内壁显正电性, 通道表现为选择阴离子, 而排斥阳离子的离子选择输运性能, 加入钙离子后离子电流并无明显变化, 此时纳米通道不具有钙离子响应性质; 当pH为9时, OPLT中的磷酸根基团使通道内壁呈现负电性, 通道表现出选择阳离子, 而排斥阴离子的离子选择输运性能, 此时向纳米系统中加入钙离子, 钙离子与磷酸根离子络合, 离子电流改变. 即OPLT修饰的纳米通道具有pH与钙离子协同响应的性能.     

一种功控状态保持低功耗C单元设计

提出了一种新的具有状态保持功能的功控低功耗C单元, 该C单元采用高阈值NMOS管作为功控开关, 以减小C单元休眠期间的漏功耗, 并利用交叉耦合的高阈值反相器构成数据保持单元, 保持电路休眠状态时的数据. 版图后仿真结果表明: 该C单元具有正确的逻辑功能, 与传统弱反馈C单元相比, 其漏功耗下降86.6%, 动态功耗下降7.6%, 可在基于功控技术的低功耗异步电路设计中应用.     

Optical fiber FBG linear sensing systems for the on-line monitoring of airborne high temperature air duct leakage

Electrical sensing systems, such as those involving eutectic salt, are mostly used in connection to leakage from existing airborne high-temperature air-conducting pipelines. Such complex structured systems are susceptible to external interferences and, thus, cannot meet the increasingly strict monitoring needs of a complex air-conducting pipeline system of an aircraft. In view of this point, this paper studies an alternative sensor system based on a dense array fiber grating. To obtain a compact and light-weight airborne signal processing system, a field programmable gate array is used as the main control core that controls the output of the light source. The functions of pulse modulation, analog-to-digital conversion, data buffering and transmission are integrated into a single system, while the linear sensing monitoring is obtained by detecting the time-division and wavelength-division wavelength drift signals of the fiber Bragg grating array. Our experiments show that the spatial resolution of the linear sensing system approaches 5 cm, the temperature measurement accuracy reaches 2 ℃, the temperature measurement range is between 0-250 ℃, and the response time is within 4 s. Compared with the existing electrical monitoring systems, various monitoring indicators have been greatly improved and have broad application prospects.     

Electron transmission ef f iciency of gating-GEM foil for TPC

In a TPC, ion feedback from the readout detector can cause a space-charge effect and distort the electrical field in the drift region. Gating is one of the effective methods to solve this problem, which can block ions at the expense of losing a certain amount of primary electrons. Compared with the traditional design with a wire structure, gating based on GEM foil is more attractive because of its simplicity. In this paper, the factors in uencing the electron transmission e ciency are studied with simulations and experiments. After optimizing all these parameters, an electron transmission e ciency over 80% is obtained.     

KcsA钾通道的多级开放过程:靶向分子动力学模拟

钾离子通道是一种能开放或闭合孔道而控制钾离子跨膜流动的膜蛋白。Kv1.2结构是一种开式构型的钾通道结构,也是迄今获得的唯一一种来自真核细胞的钾通道结构。尽管导致Kv1.2结构内螺旋弯曲的PVP序列在KcsA等原核细胞钾通道中不存在,KcsA结构的直式内螺旋闭合构型仍常被作为Kv1.2等真核细胞钾通道的闭式模版。本文在靶向分子动力学模拟中迫使Kv1.2钾通道闭合为KcsA构型,我们发现Kv1.2无法适应KcsA的闭合构型,松弛后内螺旋恢复PVP铰链弯曲,在孔道的腔-门区域形成上下大中间小的沙漏状闭合构型。此构型使开闭构型转换效率更高,可能是钾通道从原核细胞的甘氨酸铰链进化到真核细胞的PXP铰链的原因所在。