千岛湖岛屿马尾松林不同耐阴性植物幼苗动态研究

马尾松林是广泛分布于我国亚热带地区的代表性森林类型,多呈斑块状.马尾松林多处于干扰后森林群落演替的早期阶段,其后期可能演替为本地区的地带性植被-常绿阔叶林.因此,了解斑块生境中马尾松林的更新演替动态,对管理我国亚热带地区森林的物种多样性和生态系统功能具有重要意义.以千岛湖岛屿马尾松林内不耐阴和耐阴植物幼苗的短期动态为研究对象,试图了解片段化斑块生境中马尾松林的更新动态特点.结果发现：在0.5~3.5 a的多个时间尺度上,耐阴植物幼苗的存活能力较不耐阴植物幼苗强,而耐阴植物和不耐阴植物幼苗的补员率和相对生长率并无差异.岛屿面积和岛屿形状指数对于幼苗存活和补员无显著影响.同时,耐阴灌木的幼苗组成中占绝对优势,而其他功能群幼苗比例较低,表明千岛湖岛屿马尾松次生林内耐阴植物更新较不耐阴植物好;岛屿大小和形状对更新群落的短期动态无明显作用;群落更新层的优势功能群为耐阴灌木.结果提示：千岛湖的片段化马尾松林林下层动态的方向性,有利于耐阴植物更新;但在较短时间尺度（≤ 3.5 a）上,片段化斑块的性质对于群落幼苗更新的影响可能较小;耐阴灌木在片段化马尾松林林下层有优势地位.     

STANDARDIZATION OF CATCH-PER-UNIT-EFFORT FOR SHORT-TERM TRENDS IN CATCHABILITY

Examination of daily catch–per–unit–effort (CPUE) information on Pacific halibut revealed sharp declines that could not be explained by natural and fishing mortality. Catchability may have decreased during a fishing period because of local depletions of fish, changes in fish behavior, and other causes. Mathematical models of CPUE with a short–term catchability function of time or effort were based on a generalization of the DeLury method. A method of standardization was developed to account for the length of a fishing period and to correct for catchability. The effort model was best for Pacific halibut data and the application showed that standardization of CPUE is necessary to have a valid index of abundance when short–term changes in catchability occur.     

基于光谱图像的森林病虫害自动检测方法

我国天然林区分布范围广,地形复杂,依靠传统的护林员巡检方式进行林木病虫害防治,效率较低,难于及时发现早期的林木病虫害,可能因此错过防治的最佳时机。针对该问题,设计了一种基于多光谱图像检测林木病虫害的深度学习网络,研发了一套检测软件,通过无人机挂飞实验,利用搭建的深度学习网络,完成林区染病区检测,对检测结果进行了分析。     

森林群落立木种群年龄结构的研究

本文通过对森林群落立木种群年龄结构的研究,认为:N1初生正常种群和N2旺盛种群的年龄结构各具2种类型,N3成熟种群的年龄结构仅具1种类型,S1始衰种群的年龄结构具19种类型,S2中衰种群的年龄结构具5种类型,S3老衰种群的年龄结构具2种类型。依此,本文讨论了森林群落立木种群的动态     

天目山自然保护区常绿落叶阔叶林优势种群空间分布格局

基于浙江省天目山常绿阔叶林1 hm²样地调查数据,应用点格局方法分析了3种优势种细叶青冈(Cyclobalanopsis gracilis)、杉木(Cryptomeria fortunei)、短尾柯(Lithocarpus brevicaudatus)的空间分布格局,对比了优势种不同生长阶段(幼苗、幼树、中树、大树)的空间分布格局以及不同生长阶段之间的空间关联性.结果表明:(1)3个主要优势种并未受到明显的生境异质性的影响,总体呈现随机分布格局,其中短尾柯由于具有较高的根蘖率,导致在中树种群阶段于2~10 m处呈现聚集分布;(2)3个主要优势种在不同生长阶段之间1~25 m尺度范围内总体表现为无关联性,其中幼树与幼苗在小尺度(1~3 m)上均表现为正相关,细叶青冈中树与大树阶段之间存在潜在的负相关趋势,杉木幼树与大树阶段存在潜在的正相关趋势;(3)3个优势种群在发育过程中均未明显受到密度制约造成的自疏效应的影响.     

青冈林的能量生态研究Ⅲ.青冈林的能量损耗

运用红外线分析仪在室外研究了青冈林的能量损耗及其与生理、生态因子的关系．结果表明：能量损耗为2829587．46kJ／（m2·a）,其中呼吸能量损耗为76288．06kJ／（m2·a）,蒸腾能量损耗为2753249．40kJ／（m2·a）．能量损耗以七月份最高．呼吸能量损耗日变化基本上呈“单峰”,其主导因子为温度．但亦出现“午休”,其日变化类型表现为“双峰”曲线．蒸腾能量损耗速率的变化亦有“单峰”、“双峰”和“杂合”三种类型,其主导因子为空气相对湿度．     

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND OPTIMAL FOREST MANAGEMENT

A policy question of current interest is how to cope with climate change. One suggestion is to use forests to offset carbon emissions, and therefore, reduce the threat of global warming. This study develops a rigorous model of the relationship between optimal forest harvesting regimes and carbon sequestration. The theoretical analysis integrates the carbon sequestration life cycle into the Faustmann framework and develops optimal cutting rules when carbon sequestration benefits are considered. The carbon life cycle includes both the sequestration of carbon and its ultimate re-release into the atmosphere. A case study of Douglas fir applies the theoretical framework.     

Forest management models and combinatorial algorithms: analysis of state of the art

Linear Programming and Mixed Integer Linear Programs have been used for forest planning since the 60's to support decision making on forest harvesting and management. In particular, during the last two decades of forest management there has been an increased interest in spatial issues. Further, new environmental concerns, such as resource sustainability and wildlife protection, impose that increased attention be paid to activities carried out on the ground. Road building needed for access also requires spatial definiton. As a result, more complex models must be used. We discuss the issues which have led to the combinatorial nature of some main forest management problems and the solution algorithms that have been proposed for these problems, including local search heuristics, random search approaches, strengthening of mixed integer model formulations and Lagrangian relaxation. In this survey, we discuss which of the proposed approaches have been used succesfully, the advantages and shortcomings of each and what are still open research problems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.