快反系统中平面反射镜的轻量化设计

根据快速控制反射镜系统(快反系统)对平面反射镜的设计要求,对快反镜的轻量化结构进行了优化设计。选择比刚度大、热变形系数小的碳化硅为镜坯材料,采用背部开槽式结构减重,背部3点式支撑,对不同筋宽和镜面厚度等多种轻量化方案进行了有限元分析。结果表明:筋宽越大,镜体刚度越好,但筋宽增大到一定程度时,反射镜刚度的改善程度减缓;镜面越厚,镜体内应力、自重变形越大。结合反射镜设计要求和有限元分析结果,加工制备了筋宽为4 mm,镜面厚度为4 mm的碳化硅反射镜,镜体轻量化率达55%。实测反射镜的面形精度,其RMS值不超过λ/30,与分析结果相符,满足系统的使用要求。     

模拟短脉冲激光在介质中传输的扩散综合有限元法

建立有限元模型,通过求解瞬态辐射传输方程模拟短脉冲激光在半透明介质中的传输.针对散射占优性半透明介质内辐射传输求解效率较差的问题,采用扩散综合加速迭代算法,提高计算效率,缩短计算时间.结果表明:采用精确解析式描述脉冲激光散射源项的求解策略可以获得准确的计算结果,精确地模拟快速变化的波前,不会产生数值扩散和数值振荡.此外,扩散综合迭代算法的计算时间仅为源项迭代的50%~60%.     

Lagrange坐标系下二维气动方程组的RKDG有限元方法

构造Lagrange坐标系下二维可压缩气动方程组的RKDG(Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin)有限元方法.将流体力学方程组和几何守恒律统-求解,所有计算都在固定的网格上进行,计算过程中不需要网格节点的速度信息.对几个数值算例进行数值模拟,得到较好的数值模拟结果.     

原子核的有限体积效应对高离化态离子能级和波函数的影响

在相对论理论框架下,分别在点电荷和两参数Fermi核模型近似下计算了高离化态类氢离子（Z=80—112）n=1—3壳层的波函数和能级. 分析了核有限体积效应对它们的影响. 在此基础上,给出了核有限体积效应对原子能级的修正公式. 同时,还进一步讨论了相对论效应和核有限体积效应之间的相互影响,发现对高Z元素相对论效应与核有限体积效应之间有很强的耦合. 关键词： 原子核有限体积效应 高离化态离子 相对论效应     

Synthesis,structural and electrical properties of Ti modified Bi2Sn2O7 pyrochlore

Polycrystalline ceramic samples of Bi₂Sn_2−xTi_xO₇ (x=0.00, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) have been synthesized by standard high temperature solid state reaction method. The effect of homovalent cation (titanium) substitution on the Sn-site on the structural and electrical properties of the pure Bi₂Sn₂O₇ ceramic have been studied by X-ray diffraction followed by SEM, dielectric and dc conductivity studies. The structural analysis indicates that the increase of titanium contents do not lead to any secondary phase. The frequency and temperature dependent dielectric studies have been carried out. It is found that the Ti doping reduces the material particle size. The size of the particles are strongly influenced by the addition of titanium to the system. The substitution of Ti for Sn ions affected the degree of disorder and modified the dielectric properties leading to more resistive ceramic compounds. The activation energies of all the compounds were calculated using the relation σ=σ₀exp(−Ea/kT).     

计算机模拟光波的干涉

采用时域有限差分方法模拟了光的干涉这一物理现象.在物理实验的教学过程中光学实验以其高精度、高复杂度使得在实验教学过程中产生了一些负面影响.学生往往花费了较大精力去调节仪器,最终却得不到满意的实验数据,甚至得不到正确的实验结果.针对这一问题,可以采用数值模拟的方法得到很好的解决.文中不但模拟了实验现象,还验证了实验的理论公式,使得学生在观察现象的同时,对理论公式也能产生深刻的认识,最终起到了良好的课堂效果.     

经典单色短峰水波理论的三阶完备解

针对经典的有限水深三阶单色短峰波,考虑环境均匀流效应,赋予一新的解析解,从而与原经典解析解构成完备的解析解.这就在第二阶解、第三阶解结构上显示出多种相互作用机制.     

耦合界面计算格式的一维流体力学Lagrange有限点方法

为探索高维多介质流体力学散乱点集上的Lagrange有限点方法,首先对相应一维问题进行研究,提出一种Lagrange有限点方法:在计算区域内(包括物质界面)设置任意离散点集,所有力学量都设在该点集上,在内点和界面点上分别建立离散格式.内点算法为基于Taylor展开的差分方法.界面点算法为显式追踪算法,从定解条件出发,利用Rankine-Hugoniot关系和特征差分方法,计算界面点位置及相应的状态量变化.通过追踪界面点的运动得到物质界面是方法的最大特色.典型算例计算结果与精确解符合很好,验证了算法的合理和有效性.     

Transfer reactions and sub-barrier fusion in 40Ca + 90, 96Zr

The two systems ⁴⁰Ca + ^90,96Zr have been studied by measuring nucleon transfer reactions at two energies near the Coulomb barrier, thus complementing the available sub-barrier fusion cross-sections. Angular distributions for various transfer channels have been determined. Significantly larger neutron transfer cross-sections are found for the target ⁹⁶Zr that exhibits the larger enhancement in the sub-barrier fusion cross-sections. All data have been analyzed with a new model for heavy-ion collisions that calculates simultaneously transfer cross-sections, fusion excitation functions and barrier distributions. The model gives a good account of both transfer and fusion data. Received: 2 May 2002 / Accepted: 4 June 2002 / Published online: 26 November 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: montagnoli@pd.infn.it, Fax +39049 8277102, Tel. +39049 8277117. RID="b" ID="b"On leave from the China Institute for Atomic Energy, 102413 Beijing, China. Communicated by C. Signorini     

A molecular dynamics simulation of segregation behaviours of horizontally vibrated binary granular mixture

This paper performs the two-dimensional, soft-sphere molecular dynamics simulations to study the granular segregation in a binary granular mixture with the same size but different density in the container with the sawtooth base under horizontal vibration. The segregation phase diagram is presented in the acceleration-frequency space. When the acceleration is high enough to result in relative motions of the particles, the system can be in various states (mixed state, vertical and horizontal segregation state), which depend on both acceleration and frequency. Due to the sawtooth base there is stratified flow effect besides density effect. The density effect raises the light particles. The stratified flow drives the particles in the upper levels to the right and the particles in the lower particles to the left, those fact results in the appearance of the left segregation state. The left segregation state can be changed to the right segregation by changing the shape of the sawtooth. As the vibration frequency increases, the stratified flow effect becomes weaker and weaker, so at high vibration frequencies the vertical segregation state appears instead of the left segregation state.