大气复合污染及灰霾形成中非均相化学过程的作用

城市和区域大气复合污染的特征为污染源排放的一次污染物通过大气中的化学反应生成高浓度的氧化剂(臭氧等)及细颗粒物等二次污染物,它们在静稳天气下积累,导致低能见度的灰霾现象并严重影响人体健康和气候.大气复合污染中同时存在高浓度的一次排放和二次转化的气态及颗粒污染物,这为细颗粒表面非均相反应提供了充足的反应物;而气态污染物在细颗粒表面的非均相反应可改变大气氧化性及颗粒物的化学组分、物化性质和光学性质,从而可能对大气复合污染和灰霾的形成起到促进的作用.利用漫反射红外傅里叶变换光谱和单颗粒显微拉曼原位在线技术,我们对大气气态污染物NO2、SO2、O3、甲醛在CaCO3、高岭石、蒙脱石、NaCl、海盐、Al2O3和TiO2等大气主要颗粒物表面的反应进行了系统的反应动力学和机制研究,我们发现反应主要产物为硫酸盐、硝酸盐或甲酸盐,它们可极大改变颗粒物吸湿性和消光性质.通过分析这些非均相反应的动力学过程,我们识别出NO2-颗粒物-H2O、SO2-颗粒物-O3、有机物/SO2-颗粒物-光照等三元反应体系的协同作用机制,这些协同机制对于阐明大气复合污染及灰霾形成的反馈机制和非线性过程提供了实验证据和理论依据.     

从科研中提炼出的精细化工专业实验:新型疏水缔合聚合物的制备、表征及性能测定*

结合教师科研项目,推荐一个精细化工专业实验:疏水缔合聚合物的制备、表征及性能测定。通过该实验可以使学生掌握自由基共聚法制备聚合物的基本原理,掌握一些大型仪器的基本操作、聚合物常用的表征手段及结构分析方法,理解疏水缔合聚合物结构与性能之间深层次的理论联系。该实验项目来源于科研,服务于实践,集聚合反应、结构表征、大分子溶液理化性能测试于一体,具有综合性、前沿性、研究性等特点。本实验的开设有利于提高精细化工方向学生的专业实验水平,提升学生的综合探究素质、创新意识及动手能力。     

有限元计算中疏密网格过渡方法研究

工程计算中出于节省计算量的目的,往往需要在一个有限元模型中布置粗细不同的网格。为保证计算结果的准确性,必须保证网格突变情况下的位移协调问题。本文工作之一是在强天驰界面过渡单元的基础上,引入虚拟节点和子单元,在子单元中应用节理元思想,提出了基于最小势能原理的弹簧节理单元法。简化了积分运算,避免了精度要求极高的坐标转换,从而提高了方法的精度和实用性;二是提出了基于位移约束的主从自由度法,简便实用,只需简单的矩阵运算即可实现。两种方法均实现了不同尺寸网格间位移的协调性和刚度的匹配,从而使之满足有限元收敛准则,且生成的刚度阵具有对称性及带状性。算例证明两种方法精度良好,并可方便地应用于求解大规模工程问题。     

Countable Products of Čech-scattered supercomplete spaces

We prove by using well-founded trees that a countable product of supercomplete spaces, scattered with respect to ech-complete subsets, is supercomplete. This result extends results given in [1], [5], [6], [19], [26] and its proof improves that given in [19].     

Singular Integral Operators,Morrey Spaces and Fine Regularity of Solutions to PDE's

Boundedness in Morrey spaces is studied for singular integral operators with kernels of mixed homogeneity and their commutators with multiplication by a BMO-function. The results are applied in obtaining fine (Morrey and Hölder) regularity of strong solutions to higher-order elliptic and parabolic equations with VMO coefficients.     

Sets of Harmonicity for Finely Harmonic Functions

Given an open set U in R ⁿ (n3) and a dense open subset V of U, it is shown that there is a finely harmonic function u on U such that V is the largest open subset of U on which u is harmonic. This result, which establishes the sharpness of a theorem of Fuglede, is obtained following a consideration of fine cluster sets of arbitrary functions.     

QUALITATIVE THEORY OF THE KUKLES SYSTEMS:(Ⅰ) NUMBER OF CRITICAL POINTS

The special cubic system (a natural and simPlest generaIization of thequadratic system of C1ass (l) to cubic system)f.'x = yl y = --x 6y a,x' a2xy a,y' a#x' a,x'y a.xy' a,y' (1)was first studied by the Russian Mathematician I.S.KukIes [ll on the Ilecessaryand sufficient conditions fot O(0,0) to be a ccnter of (1). After [ll, the sameproblem and also the order of O as a fine fOcus were also studied iIl [2--l0] and[13-19], so (l) is now called as a "Kukles system". In l988-…     

A projection theorem and tangential boundary behavior of potentials

Let be the Weinstein operator on the half space, . Suppose there is a sequence of Borel sets such that a certain tangential projection of onto forms a pairwise disjoint subset of the boundary. Let be a finite test measure on the boundary for a specific non-isotropic Hausdorff measure. The measure is carried back to a measure on a subset of by the projection. We give an upper bound for the Weinstein potential corresponding to the measure in terms of a universal constant and a Weinstein subharmonic function. We use this upper bound to deduce a result concerning tangential behavior of Weinstein potentials at the boundary with the exception of sets on the boundary of vanishing non-isotropic Hausdorff measure.

     

Mn22+离子1s22s-1s2np的偶极跃迁能和振子强度

用全实加关联方法计算了类锂Mn22 离子1s22s-1s2np(2≤n≤9)的偶极跃迁能和振子强度.1s2np(2≤n≤9)态的精细结构通过计算自旋-轨道与自旋-其他轨道相互作用算符的期待值确定.依据单通道量子亏损理论,确定了Rydberg系列1s2np的量子数亏损.从而可以用这些作为能量的缓变函数的量子亏损,实现对任意高激发态(n≥10)的能量的可靠预言.将这些分立态振子强度与单通道量子亏损理论相结合,得到在电离阈附近束缚态-束缚态跃迁振子强度以及束缚态-连续态跃迁的振子强度密度,从而将Mn22 离子的这一重要光谱特性的理论预言外推到整个能域.