胜利断块油藏细分注水技术界限研究

老油田进入特高含水期后,剩余油分布更加零散,各种地质因素也因长期注水开发而发生了一定的改变.此时稳油控水难度进一步加大,为了进一步挖掘剩余油,控制含水上升速度、减缓产量递减,必须对注水井采取进一步的细分调整.基于水湿油藏注水井注水层段吸水效果,从注入水受力分析入手,运用达西定律推导出了水驱油藏水驱油全过程中的单位体积注入水沿竖直、地层两个方向运移的渗流速度公式,明晰了水驱油藏注水层段不同开发阶段砂岩吸水机理.研究结果表明,水驱油藏细分注水效果与岩石绝对渗透率、水相相对渗透率、注入水黏度、水动力压力梯度、注水井启动压力梯度、含水饱和度、地层倾角、油水密度差等参数有关.结合胜利油田断块油藏地质特征及细分注水工艺要求,制定了一套适合胜利油田不同断块区的细分注水技术政策界限:层段内渗透率变异系数小于0.3,砂岩条带宽度极比小于2.5,且东辛油区断块油藏层段内砂岩厚度小于6m,小层数小于4个;现河油区断块油藏层段内砂岩厚度小于5m,小层数小于5个;临盘油区断块油藏层段内砂岩厚度小于6m,小层数小于6个.矿场试验证实,该细分注水技术政策界限是合理、实用的,其为胜利断块油藏注上水、注够水、注好水,实现多层断块油藏的高效开发提供了技术保障,对类似油藏细分注水技术界限研究具有一定的借鉴意义.     

聚集数据线性模型广义聚集双参数估计的相对效率

对于聚集数据的线性模型,提出了广义聚集双参数估计的概念,给出了广义聚集双参数估计的两种相对效率,并得到了这两种相对效率的上界.     

Experimental Determination of the Longitudinal Dispersivity During the Injection of a Micro-Cement Grout in a One-Dimensional Soil Column

In order to describe the basic phenomenon of miscible grout propagation during the injection in a saturated and deformable porous medium, a general mathematical model was proposed, which accounts for the existing coupling between the fluid flow analysis, the miscible grout transport, and the solid skeleton deformation, leading to a realistic prediction of the injected zone. The development of the model was made concurrently with laboratory experiments to determine the model parameters. This paper describes the determination of the longitudinal dispersivity during the transport of a micro-cement grout injected in a one-dimensional soil column, by relying on image processing analysis. The application concerned here is the injection of soils for improving their properties, that is, to reduce permeability, increase mechanical strength or reduce the deformability. The longitudinal dispersion coefficient is an essential parameter governing the mixing process and the evolution of the transition zone, and thus the injection efficiency. Finally, the comparison between simulated results from the developed model and experimental data, essential to validate the model from a phenomenological standpoint, is made.     

ABS注塑制品的模内蠕变试验研究

不同于传统的热残余应力分析,本文着眼于注塑制品的模内蠕变研究。通过测试ABS注塑薄板在不同工艺条件下的收缩变形,比较基于弹性理论的热收缩,进而得到了模内蠕变量。分析结果表明,模内蠕变对于降低制品最终的收缩变形起着重要的作用。在研究了各种工艺条件对制件模内蠕变的影响后,发现较低的模腔表面温度或较长的成型周期会导致蠕变增大,而制件在模内的蠕变(或应力松弛)主要发生在固化后的高温区。本文同时探讨了保压压力对蠕变的影响。高注塑保压压力通常会减小注塑件的收缩,但同时会减小制件模内蠕变。     

机抖激光陀螺随机噪声注入方法研究

机抖激光陀螺通过在抖动驱动信号中注入一定强度的随机噪声来消除动态闭锁误差.为了适应机抖激光陀螺小型化和其控制电路数字化的发展,设计了在以抖动驱动信号采用方波形式的基础上,其随机噪声的注入采取了应用寄存器产生的伪随机噪声-m序列按照对方波占空比进行调制的方式,并建立了抖动机构的数学模型,应用所建立的模型通过Matlab中的Simulink进行了仿真.依照随机噪声注入效率的计算方法,文中采用的方式其噪声注入效率要高于以往采用的应用高斯白噪声对交变正弦波驱动信号进行幅值调制的方式,对此进行了实验验证,证明这种随机噪声注入方式效果良好.     

用于稠油输送的新蒸汽引射器

介绍一种自行研制的蒸汽引射器，蒸汽以自由射流形式注入到输油管中，利用蒸汽释放的热量提高稠油温度以降低黏度，从而达到低输送压降的目的。该引器具有加热效率高，防止稠油堵塞管线等优点，引射器已在辽河油田输油管线上进行了现场实验，取得了很好的效果。     

细长体背风面横向非对称分离的研究

用数值模拟方法研究了超声速情况下，无限长细长体背风面的涡结构。数值模拟的出发方程和计算格式分别为全Ｎ－Ｓ方程和二阶空间精度的ＴＶＤ格式。数值结果给出了圆锥、半球柱体和椭圆锥在不同攻角下的流场结果。结果表明圆锥在攻角α＝１５°，２０°和２５°时背风面呈现明显的稳定非对称横向分离，而半球柱体和椭圆锥在３２．５°和２５°时背风面均未出现非对称的横向分离结构。     

再生喷射燃烧过程中点火特性的实验研究

建立了再生喷射燃烧过程的多功能实验装置和瞬态参数测量系统。针对点火器参数对点火特性的影响规律进行了大量的实验研究，导出了点火器参数与点火特性之间的实用定量关系曲线。在此基础上，进行了相应的再生喷射燃烧过程实验，取得了较好地实验结果。研究表明:通过控制点火器参数以获得与再生喷射燃烧过程的匹配要求相适应的点火特性，对获得性能良好的燃烧过程具有重要意义。     

Measurement of thermal expansion coefficients of composites using strain gages

The measurement of the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of composite materials using electrical resistance strain gages is addressed. Analytical expressions for the CTEs of an orthotropic lamina are derived, accounting for the effects of transverse sensitivity and possible misalignment of the gages. Experiments are performed for the characterization of the thermal expansion behavior of a fiber-glass-reinforced epoxy unidirectional lamina using an invar specimen as reference material. Preliminary training cycles are performed for the determination of an optimal heating rate for the measurements, which ensures thermal equilibrium conditions. Three measurement cycles yield the principal CTEs of the lamina α₁, α₂ and α₁₂ with repeatability within ±0.34×10⁻⁶, ±0.85×10⁻⁶ and ±2.8×10⁻⁶/°C, respectively. It is noted that inhomogeneity of the specimen and variation in thermomechanical properties of the gages can cause a noticeable spead in the measurements.     

Contaminant concentration on pipe walls following radial jet injection: a computational fluid dynamics approach

A computational fluid dynamics technique has been used to predict the likely concentration levels along a pipe wall of chemicals injected radially from a nozzle. No published empirical data appear to be available, despite the importance of this subject in protecting pipe walls in the vicinity of the dosing point if the chemicals and pipe materials are incompatible. Validation of predictions is by comparison with experimental data for other parameters related to the flow. Where possible, results have been analyzed and presented in dimensionless form so that the article can act as a more generally useful design guide.