Limit cycles in local preference optimization

We consider the problem of a rational consumer who does nota priori know what his optimal feasible consumption bundle is, but attempts to find it by continuously moving in a direction of increasing preferences, starting with an arbitrary bundle. We show that this process is only then guaranteed to lead to the consumption optimum whena the consumer preferences are transitive; and/orb the consumer follows in each point the exact direction of fastest preference increase (that is in the integrable case: the utility gradient). If this is not the case, there may exist limit cycles to which the consumer may get attracted, thus never reaching his optimum.This note is dedicated to Yves Richelle, the ever-cycling economist.     

Equilibria of a stationary economy with recursive preferences

We consider an intertemporal stationary economy in discrete time, where agents have recursive preferences. Using dynamic programming, we show that equilibrium consumption trajectories from a capital stock are interior Pareto optima and are characterized by a strictly positive parameter in ^n–1, the set of agents' initial weights. We then exhibit prices that support the Pareto optima and use the Negishi method to characterize the parameters corresponding to equilibria. Finally, we prove the existence of equilibria and show that the number of regular equilibria is odd.     

Preseparable Extensions of Multidimensional Preferences

Throughout much of the literature in economics and political science, the notion of separability provides a mechanism for characterizing interdependence within individual preferences over multiple dimensions. In this paper, we show how preseparable extensions can be used to construct certain classes of separable and non-separable preferences. We prove several associated combinatorial results, and we note a correspondence between separable preference orders, Boolean term orders, and comparative probability relations. We also mention several open questions pertaining to preseparable extensions and separable preferences. This work was partially supported by National Science Foundation grant DMS-0451254, which funds a Research Experience for Undergraduates program at Grand Valley State University. Portions of this paper are adapted from Hodge’s doctoral dissertation [4]. The authors wish to thank the referees and editor for their helpful comments and suggestions.     

基于公平偏好的三阶段锦标激励模型研究

为解决多代理人激励及委托人道德风险问题,本文基于公平偏好理论,构建了三阶段锦标激励模型,通过数理推导研究委托人最大化目标下公平偏好与工资差距对代理人努力水平和拆台行为的影响,并对不同晋升过程下代理人各阶段的努力水平进行比较。结果表明,代理人的努力水平与拆台行为同升同降,公平偏好降低代理人的努力水平和拆台行为,而工资差距提高代理人的努力水平和拆台行为,且无论晋升过程如何,代理人在第一阶段的努力水平均大于其第三阶段的努力水平。本文拓展了行为经济学视角下基于委托代理框架的锦标赛激励研究。     

基于决策者风险偏好特性的供应链竞合策略研究

在两条供应链相互竞争的背景下,采用均值—标准差风险度量准则研究了决策者的风险偏好特性(风险喜爱、风险中性或风险规避)对于供应链各成员企业的最优定价决策和竞合策略的影响。研究发现,供应链各成员企业的最优定价决策与决策者的风险偏好特性以及产品替代效应密切相关,而且供应链成员企业的风险偏好特性以及产品替代效应都是影响其合作策略选择的关键因素。此外,当供应链成员企业采用不同的竞合策略时,供应链系统的效用并不一定会随其成员企业的风险偏好度的减小而减小。最后,通过数值分析也证实了上述结论。     

一种基于优先级的加权公平队列调度算法

根据在无线传感器网络上传输实时业务的要求,深入研究了加权公平队列调度算法.在分析其无法保证实时业务的QoS的原因后,提出一种基于优先级的加权公平队列调度算法P-WFQ.这种算法利用滑动窗口将WFQ和基于优先级的机制结合起来,通过有效的优先级划分策略,在带宽受限的情况下,保证高优先级数据的QoS要求.仿真结果表明:P-WFQ在实时业务的时延性能上比WFQ有明显的改善,而且能够将实时业务的最大时延控制在允许范围之内.     

Fair quantum blind signatures

We present a new fair blind signature scheme based on the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics. In addition, we analyse the security of this scheme, and show that it is not possible to forge valid blind signatures. Moreover, comparisons between this scheme and public key blind signature schemes are also discussed.     

Restricted preferences and strategyproofness of singlevalued social decision functions

The paper examines the possibility of imposing reasonable restrictions on sincere preferences of individuals to rule out strategic misrevelation of preferences. In this connection, Zeckhauser had originally conjectured that singlepeakedness of sincere individual preferences would be sufficient for strategyproofness. The main result of the paper is to show that singlecavedness, and not singlepeakedness, rules out strategic misrevelation of preferences by groups of individuals.     

Ethnic Preferences and Residential Segregation: A Commentary on Outcomes from Agent-Based Modeling

Mark Fossett's new research, published here in the Journal of Mathematical Sociology, is arguably the most important advance in studies of residential segregation in the past decade. While this study of the role of preferences in creating the patterns of residential separation does not answer all the questions about how preferences create separation in the residential mosaic, it provides a major extension of Schelling's seminal work of three decades ago. The paper shows clearly that preferences do matter and that the set of simulations leave little doubt that residential preferences and their underlying social dynamics have the capacity to generate high levels of ethnic segregation. The agent-based modeling technique, on which the results are based, is a major advance on previouswork using agent-based modeling and will set the standard for further studies of the underlying processes that create residential separation in U.S. cities.     

基于条件风险值准则的供应链回购契约协调策略

研究了由具有风险偏好的零售商和风险中性的供应商组成的两级供应链回购契约协调问题.针对具有风险偏好的零售商,考虑了风险中性、风险厌恶和风险喜好三种态度,建立了由风险厌恶程度和悲观系数两个参数描述的基于条件风险值(CVaR)的集成目标决策函数.推导了不同风险偏好态度下的零售商最优订货决策,分析了不同风险偏好参数下的零售商订货决策变化情况.给出了能够完全协调风险偏好零售商和风险中性供应商的供应链回购契约协调机制.最后,进行了数值计算,验证了设计的供应链回购契约协调策略的有效性.结果表明,在给出的回购契约协调机制下,考虑风险偏好情况下的零售商最优订货决策能够保证整个供应链系统实现最优绩效,而供应链成员期望利润却随不同的风险偏好参数而不同.