Objective acoustic voice-quality parameters in the computer phonetogram

A phonetogram is a plot of the dynamic range of the voice as a function of fundamental frequency. Traditionally, the phonetogram only records the sound-pressure level (SPL) of the threshold of phonation and the upper limit in SPL the voice can reach with sustained phonation as a function of the fundamental frequency (F₀). In this study, the phonetogram is extended by including acoustic voice-quality parameters. Three additional parameters are tested: jitter, shimmer, and crest factor. For each individual voice, the variation in the three parameters is evaluated over the entire phonetogram area. By averaging individual phonetograms, standard or norm phonetograms are obtained revealing general patterns in voice-quality variation. These patterns reflect the complex relations between F₀, SPL, and the acoustic voice-quality parameters just mentioned. Jitter and shimmer distributions over the phonetogram show that large variations in perturbation values can be expected when production conditions are altered. Highest perturbation values are found for the low F₀ and low SPL phonations. For all voices, a gradual decrease of the crest factor is found with increasing F₀, reflecting the degrading of spectral complexity with F₀. The crest-factor parameter can also be used to mark those areas in the phonetogram where the fundamental dominates the waveform and where flow control is the main SPL regulating mechanism in voice production. The strong quality variations within the phonetogram stress the need for accurate control of F₀ and SPL in objective voice-quality measurement.     

复流形局部q-凸楔形上带权的同伦公式

本文得到复流形局部q-凸楔形上(r,s)型微分形式的带权的同伦公式和(r,s)型的方程的带权的连续解,并给出(r,s)型微分形式的不含边界积分的新的带权的同伦公式和(r,s)型的方程的新的带权的连续解.这些新的带权公式尤其适用于具有非光滑边界的局部q-凸楔形,这时不但可以避免边界积分的复杂估计,而且积分密度也不必在边界有定义,只要在区域上有定义就行.其次,引进权因子,带权的积分公式在应用上(比如在函数的插值方面)具有更大的灵活性.     

A unified theory for coherent systems in reliability part III: Two special cases for multinary systems—binary-type coherence and homogeneous coherence

As shown in a companion-paper,¹ binary and multinary coherent systems can be studied with unified arguments, through monotone binary coherent systems. These are binary coherent systems submitted to some monotone constraint and generalize the classic theory of free binary coherent systems. By considering the unified point of view thus obtained, this paper gives what is perhaps the most suggestive representation for multinary coherent systems, since this extends the definition of binary coherent systems in terms of series-parallel (parallel-series) structures. Then, this paper examines the special case of multinary systems that can be studied directly with the classic theory of free binary coherent systems. It thus enlarges and complements, in a shorter unified manner, the particular cases considered in earlier studies.     

Contractive projections and operator spaces

Parallel to the study of finite-dimensional Banach spaces, there is a growing interest in the corresponding local theory of operator spaces. We define a family of Hilbertian operator spaces , , generalizing the row and column Hilbert spaces and , and we show that an atomic subspace that is the range of a contractive projection on is isometrically completely contractive to an -sum of the and Cartan factors of types 1 to 4. In particular, for finite-dimensional , this answers a question posed by Oikhberg and Rosenthal. Explicit in the proof is a classification up to complete isometry of atomic w-closed -triples without an infinite-dimensional rank 1 w-closed ideal.

     

我国普通高等教育人力资源发展水平的统计分析

本文综合运用主成分分析和因子分析两种综合评价方法 ,对我国各地区高等教育人力资源的发展水平进行排序和分类 ,为规划和发展各地区的高等教育事业提供了一定的科学依据。两种综合评价方法的综合运用克服了单一评价方法的片面性 ,评价结果较为全面、客观     

Magnetic evaluation of advanced metal-evaporated tape in an advanced linear tape drive

Demand for increased data storage has resulted in the development of various types of magnetic tapes. To achieve higher recording density, tape manufacturers are developing thin-film tapes, such as advanced metal-evaporated (AME) tape, for use in linear tape drives. In recent studies, these new AME tapes have demonstrated sustainable mechanical durability at low tensions suitable for use in linear tape drives. An evaluation of the magnetic performance of these AME tapes including the impact of tape cupping and initial edge quality was the goal of this study. Head output, dropouts, head–tape interface friction, and lateral tape motion (LTM) were monitored throughout testing. As track widths continue to narrow, LTM has become one of the critical limitations of magnetic performance. To more accurately measure LTM during drive development, a new method involving the output voltage of a head-read element that has been adjusted to be halfway off the recorded track on tape was implemented (LTM_M). It is shown that positively cupped AME tapes will result in similar head output and fewer dropouts than the current MP tapes. The negatively cupped AME sample produced the lowest head output data and the highest amount of dropouts of all the tapes evaluated in this investigation. All the tapes evaluated demonstrated similar values of LTM when monitored at the center of the tape. When LTM was monitored at the lower edge of the tape, the positively cupped AME tape with the worst relative edge contour length resulted in the highest LTM_M. As found in previous studies, AME tapes produced slightly lower values of coefficient of friction than the MP tapes. From this investigation, positively cupped AME tapes with good initial relative edge contour length are recommended for use in linear tape drives, similar to those used in this study.     

Improved Ligand-Field Theory with Effect of Electron-Phonon Interaction

Traditional ligand-field theory has to be improved by taking into account both “pure electronic” contribution and electron-phonon interaction one (including lattice-vibrational relaxation energy). By means of improved ligand-field theory, R₁, R₂, R₃', R₂', and R₁' lines, U band, ground-state zero-field-splitting (GSZFS), and ground-state g factors of ruby and/or GSGG:Cr³⁺ as well as thermal shifts of GSZFS, R₁ line and R₂ line of ruby have been calculated. The results are in very good agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, it is found that the value of cubic-field parameter given by traditional ligand-field theory is inappropriately large. For thermal shifts of GSZFS, R₁ line and R₂ line of ruby, several conclusions have also been obtained.     

季节因素对气候网络影响研究

气候网络在地球科学领域研究中是一个新的热点,对于分析和揭示气候场的特征及关联结构具有较强优势.已有气候网络的构建一般选取冬季月份的样本数据,而且在研究中忽略了其他季节月份对气候网络的影响.本文研究了季节因素对气候网络的影响,研究发现:气候网络在不同季节的整体特征参数基本保持稳定,但是网络社团结构以及局部节点拓扑连接随季节变化显著.可以利用这一结论来研究不同季节全球遥相关模态变化情况以及局部地区气候特征随季节变化情况.     

分形烟尘簇团粒子的消光特性研究

根据物质的电结构,将烟尘簇团粒子离散为一系列的偶极子,利用离散偶极子近似方法,获得了不同波长电磁波入射情况下分形烟尘簇团粒子不对称因子、吸收和散射效率因子的值.结合偶极子在电磁场中的力学性质,分析了烟尘簇团粒子在外加电磁场中所受的力和力矩,给出三种分形结构烟尘簇团粒子的电磁辐射压力及电磁辐射力矩效率因子随入射波波长变化的数值结果,分析了烟尘粒子对电磁能量吸收的宏观表现和微观机理.结果显示:入射波长、烟尘簇团粒子的分形维数及所含原始微粒数目都将影响烟尘粒子的消光特性.     

The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (I). Evaluation of input data,and adjustment procedures

This is the first of two articles(Part I and Part II)that presents the results of the new atomic mass evaluation,Ame2020.It includes complete information on the experimental input data that were used to derive the tables of recommended values which are given in Part II.This article describes the evaluation philosophy and procedures that were implemented in the selection of specific nuclear reaction,decay and mass-spectrometric data which were used in a least-squares fit adjustment in order to determine the recommended mass values and their uncertainties.All input data,including both the accepted and rejected ones,are tabulated and compared with the adjusted values obtained from the least-squares fit analysis.Differences with the previous Ame2016 evaluation are discussed and specific examples are presented for several nuclides that may be of interest to Ame users.