Au Nanoparticles Loaded on Hollow TiO2 Microspheres with (001) Exposed Facets: a Strategy for Promoting Photocatalytic Performance

Au nanoparticles loaded TiO₂ hollow microspheres with exposed (001) facets(Au-HTFs) were synthesized through template-free hydrothermal process combined with a chemical reduction role. Au-HTFs displayed excellent photocatalytic activity in catalyzing oxidization reaction in organic pollutant system, which originates from the synergistic effect of the reactive (001) facets and Au nanoparticles with a wide range of absorption in visible region based on localized surface plasmon resonance effect. The unique synergistic effect could largely increase the photocatalytic performance resulting from the improvements of both the visible light aborption and the recombination of electron-hole pairs. Our findings revealed that among Au-HTFs with different Au loading percentages, Au-HTFs with 2%(mass fraction) Au loading possessed the superior photocatalytic activity.     

复杂目标光学散射截面数值仿真方法

研究复杂目标的几何建模、光学面元消隐和目标表面的光学散射特性.针对任意构型的目标,提出采用均匀光照明仿真图像进行光学散射截面（OCS）数值计算方法.通过自适应Z缓存方法,实现目标光学消隐面的计算,将这部分消隐面面积从目标OCS的数值积分中去除.研究近似镜面材料的空间模板褶皱表面的光学散射数值模拟方法,以及基于激光主动探测系统实验测量数据的目标OCS实验分析方法.根据某缩比例空间目标相对探测系统不同方位、俯仰角情况的OCS实验结果,校正OCS数值仿真参数.仿真结果与实验结果的图像比较和OCS曲线趋势大略一致,考虑到表面褶皱的随机性、姿态的测量误差和仿真模型有限的校准能力等因素,本文提出的数值仿真方法能够在一定程度上描述目标的OCS值.     

Synthesis of polyhedral iron oxide nanocrystals bound by high-index facets

High surface energy of high-index facets endows nanocrystals with high activities and thus promotes potential applications such as highly efficient catalysts,special optical,electrical and magnetic devices.But the high surface energy of the high-index facets usually drives them to grow faster than the other facets and finally disappear during the crystal growth,which leads the synthesis of nanocrystals with high-indexed facets exposed to be a great challenge.Herein,we introduced two routes to control the synthesis of-Fe2O3polyhedrons with different sets of high-index facets,one using different metal ions(Ni2+,Cu2+or Zn2+)as structure-directing agents and the other applying polymer surfactant sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)as additive.The growth process of high-index-Fe2O3polyhedrons was also discussed and possible growth mechanism was proposed.     

The symmetric traveling salesman polytope and its graphical relaxation: Composition of valid inequalities

The graphical relaxation of the Traveling Salesman Problem is the relaxation obtained by requiring that the salesman visit each city at least once instead of exactly once. This relaxation has already led to a better understanding of the Traveling Salesman polytope in Cornuéjols, Fonlupt and Naddef (1985). We show here how one can compose facet-inducing inequalities for the graphical traveling salesman polyhedron, and obtain other facet-inducing inequalities. This leads to new valid inequalities for the Symmetric Traveling Salesman polytope. This paper is the first of a series of three papers on the Symmetric Traveling Salesman polytope, the next one studies the strong relationship between that polytope and its graphical relaxation, and the last one applies all the theoretical developments of the two first papers to prove some new facet-inducing results.This work was initiated while the authors were visiting the Department of Statistics and Operations Research of New York University, and continued during several visits of the first author at IASI.     

利用二阶方向导数极大值检测红外小目标

为提高复杂环境下红外小目标的检测率,提出了基于二阶方向导数极大值的红外小目标检测算法。该算法首先对二阶方向导数的性质进行了分析,对极大值进行阈值翻转操作,将背景中的平坦成分和边缘成分剔除。接着,根据小面模型对背景进行预测,并以预测误差为权值进一步增强小目标区域。以上2个步骤的计算可通过4个卷积实现,加快了检测速度。最后,对少量候选小目标计算局部对比度,降低了虚警率。实验结果表明：该检测算法在6种复杂背景下平均信杂比增益为78.413 0,平均背景抑制因子为35.079 6,具有较强的鲁棒性和较高的检测率。     

光沉积Ru和RuO2的锐钛矿TiO2纳米片的光解水产氧

采用水热法以HF作为结构调控剂合成了主要暴露（001）面的锐钛矿TiO₂纳米片,通过光沉积方法分别合成了负载Ru和RuO₂物种的光催化剂。利用X射线衍射、透射电镜和氢气程序升温还原等分析表征了催化剂的结构性质。通过光解水产氧反应来研究催化剂的催化性能,详细考察了Ru含量、负载方式以及氧化和还原处理等因素的影响,光解水产氧速率的差异证明了Ru物种在不同晶面的电荷-空穴分离效应。与负载单一助催化剂的Ru/TiO₂和RuO₂/TiO₂样品相比,活性最优的0.5%Ru-1.0%RuO₂/TiO₂样品由于负载了双助催化剂,其催化活性得到更大的提高,证实了在锐钛矿TiO₂上的晶面电荷-空穴分离效应.     

Ultrasound assisted deposition of highly stable self-assembled Bi2MoO6 nanoplates with selective crystal facet engineering as photoanode

The use of crystal facets of photocatalysts is well known as a promising strategy for the design of new photocatalysts with interesting physicochemical features for energy production applications. In this work, Bi₂MoO₆ thin films were synthesized by two methods, electrodeposition and sonoelectrodeposition. Preferential growth orientation depended on synthesis method. Results suggested that sonoelectrodeposition led to dominate the crystal facet {1 0 0} growth with self-assembled nanoplate morphologies while growth orientation in the {0 1 0} facet was dominant in electrodeposition in the absence of ultrasonic waves. As a highlight result, the {1 0 0} facet shows a smaller band gap, higher photocatalytic water splitting than the {0 1 0} facet. Efficient separation of charge pairs and long life time of photogenerated electrons was observed to be intrinsic features of the {1 0 0} facets. The higher charge transfer was confirmed by a higher photocurrent from linear sweep voltammetry and a smaller Nyquist radius arc. Ultrasound plays a key role in growth orientation and led to a production of homogeneous films with nanoplates which self-assembled together to form a flower-like structure. While in the absence of ultrasound the film has coral-like structure. Highly stable sonoelectrodeposited films exhibited incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 22.4% at the specific wavelength of 500 nm. The sonoelectrodeposition method could act as a promising method for forming new films with specific crystal facet selection and developing as highly efficient photoanodes for PEC water splitting.     

碳纸负载高指数晶面铂纳米粒子的制备及其在直接甲酸燃料电池中的催化性能研究

直接甲酸燃料电池(DFAFCs)是一种很有前景的可用于移动电子设备的电源. 钯对甲酸电催化氧化有很高的活性,但稳定性较差,容易失活;铂对甲酸电催化氧化的活性低于钯,但稳定性好. 前期研究表明,高指数晶面铂纳米粒子对甲酸的电催化氧化活性显著高于低指数晶面铂纳米粒子. 本文以碳纸为载体,应用方波电位法生长高指数晶面铂纳米粒子（HIF-Pt/C-paper）,通过改变方波上下限电位,合成出不同粒径的二十四面体和偏方三八面体铂纳米粒子. 进一步在碳纸上修饰一层碳黑微孔层并优化电沉积条件,制备出粒径约10 nm,载量0.069 mg•cm^-2的HIF-Pt/C-paper作为DFAFCs的阳极催化剂.在甲酸浓度为3M时,测得30℃下单电池最大功率密度10.6 mW•cm^-2,最大质量功率密度153.5 mW•mg^-1_Pt,是以1mg•cm^-2 载量的商业60 wt% Pt/C为阳极催化剂的电池的8.4倍. HIF-Pt/C-paper阳极DFAFCs在20 mA•cm^-2条件下运行50 h,电压保持率为95%,显示出很好的稳定性.     

基于模糊聚类的构件检索方法

在构件的检索过程中,由于用户对于构件的描述形式或者机制不是很理解,因此很难把自己的需求以专业的术语或者表达形式表示出来,从而影响了检索的效率。引入了刻面权重的定义,将用户的需求有效的具象化,并提出了基于模糊聚类分析的构件检索方法,利用一定的聚类准则将构件库里的构件集合划分为不同的类别,降低构件检索的规模,提高构件检索的效率,同时具有较好的查全率和查准率。实验结果证明了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

Co3O4在多相催化反应中的晶面效应

Co₃O₄是一种重要且性能优异的过渡金属氧化物,可以广泛应用于光、电、磁、热等多个领域,其晶体作为多相催化剂在众多反应中有着不可替代的地位。催化机理研究发现,催化反应过程不但受晶体催化剂颗粒尺寸的影响,而且对晶体的晶面也很敏感。因此,晶面效应的研究对于深入认识多相催化反应过程以及有效设计高活性催化剂都有重要意义。Co₃O₄晶体具有Co³⁺和Co²⁺混合价态的尖晶石结构,其在不同催化反应中均表现出明显的晶面效应。本文综述了近年来Co₃O₄作为多相晶体催化剂在热催化、光催化、电催化以及类过氧化物酶催化中的晶面效应,结合理论计算结果从Co₃O₄晶面的原子结构出发解释了产生晶面效应的原因;最后总结了Co₃O₄在以上反应中晶面效应的一般规律,探讨了目前Co₃O₄晶面效应研究中的不足,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。