裂纹尖端弹塑性变形的实验测量与有限元计算

用显微网格数字图像处理方法，测量了Ｆｅ－Ｓｉ材料平面应力条件下Ⅰ型单边裂纹尖端附近的应变场，并且用弹塑性有限元程序进行了数值模拟。对实测结果和有限元计算模拟结果进行了对比分析。结果表明：逐级更新拉格朗日坐标体系下的弹塑性有限元计算在裂纹尖端不出现严重钝化和损伤的条件下，可以正确反映裂尖区域的弹塑性变形。在裂纹接近临界扩展时，有限元计算与实测结果之间有较大差别，其原因有待进一步研究。     

一种考虑横向剪切变形的三角形板弯曲单元

本文从部分协调的三角形薄板弯曲单元出发,并假设横向剪切应变在单元内线性变化,提出了一种考虑横向剪切变形的具有15个自由度的三角平板弯曲单元。该单元应用于薄板和中等厚度板分析均有较高的精度,计算效率高,可用于工程中具有复杂形状的薄板和中等厚度板结构的分析。     

Noncontacting strain measurements during tensile tests

The application of an innovative noncontracting Doppler laser extensometer is presented. True axial strain has been measured during tensile tests conducted on stainless-steel metal sheets over a range of strain rates (from 10^–4 to 10² 1/s) and temperatures (from –40°C to 400°C). The laser radiation scattered at the surface of the specimen is recorded during the duration of the experiment. The signals are then used to determine the evolution of the axial strain, which is subsequently combined with the load signal to construct the stress-strain curve for the material. Excellent agreement has been obtained between the total elongation predicted by the laser measurements and the actual values measured from the specimens. This technique offers several advantages over traditional strain-measuring technologies.     

斜拉桥的静,动态电测法测试和频谱分析

本文用电测法对独塔斜拉桥的桥塔锚固区、索管及钢梁锚固区在静、动态不同工况下的应变和应力进行了测量和分析，并利用高速数据采集系统和快速付里叶变换（简称ＦＦＴ）对动载工况下的应变───时间响应信号进行了频谱分析，为优化工程设计和桥的合理使用提供了可靠的参考依据。     

应变空间中的弹塑性数值计算方法

本文论述了应变空间表述的岩土弹塑性理论及其数值计算方法的有关问题,并按此编制了计算程序.所给算例表明这一方法是简便可行的,为解决岩土工程问题提出了一种更好的途径.     

Laminated shells with actuation strains: general theory and applications

Summary A general theory is proposed for laminated shells with integrated actuators. The theory incorporates dynamic effects and satisfies the compatibility condition of transverse shear stress at layer interfaces as well as on the top and bottom surfaces of the shells. The governing equations and the relevant boundary conditions are derived via Hamilton's principle. They contain only five unknown variables, as in the first-order shear-deformable shell theory. As an illustrative example, an infinitely long strip composed of a metallic layer mounted by two piezoelectric actuating layers is analysed. The results are compared with those predicted by some other existing models. Received 4 August 1997; accepted for publication 16 June 1998     

新型固定器治疗胫骨骨折的生物力学特性实验研究

研制和开发了一种治疗胫骨骨折的新型固定器—骨内外联合固定器，本文利用电阻应变技术，对其固定胫骨骨折的生物力学性能对比带锁髓内针进行轴向压缩、弯曲和扭转实验的研究，为临床应用提供了理论依据，实验结果表明骨内外联合固定器的生物力学性能优于带锁髓内针。     

异径正交圆柱壳极限压力的实验研究

内压下异径正交圆柱壳的极限承载能力受到普遍关注。本实验完成了ρ≈0.3,0.5,0.7,0.8四种开孔率的8个钢制模型实验研究。测量压力-应变曲线,按零曲率准则和双切线准则确定实验极限压力。结果和极限分析有限元上限格式解相当吻合。文中讨论了塑性流动大变形情况的应变测量技术问题。     

可变孔径超高真空盒波纹管的应力实验研究

可变孔径超高真空盒系电子对撞机实施同步辐射装置扩建工程的关键部件。本文给出了不同孔径变化的８－环型波纹管在超高真空状态下电测应力实验结果。本实验选用了七个截面，布片较多，测出了不同截面的应力分布规律。同时，测出了装配应力对结构的影响。该测试结果为改进设计正式投入生产提供了可靠的科学依据。