Multiplicative processes and power laws in human reaction times derived from hyperbolic functions

In sensory psychophysics reaction time is a measure of the stochastic latency elapsed from stimulus presentation until a sensory response occurs as soon as possible. A random multiplicative model of reaction time variability is investigated for generating the reaction time probability density functions. The model describes a generic class of hyperbolic functions by Piéron?s law. The results demonstrate that reaction time distributions are the combination of log-normal with power law density functions. A transition from log-normal to power law behavior is found and depends on the transfer of information in neurons. The conditions to obtain Zipf?s law are analyzed.     

Taylor Expansions of Distributions

Classical Taylor expansions of holomorphic functions in the complex plane are extended to distributions in Rⁿand in domains     

Three‐dimensional simulation of planar contraction viscoelastic flow by penalty finite element method

The planar contraction flow is a benchmark problem for the numerical investigation of viscoelastic flow. The mathematical model of three‐dimensional viscoelastic fluids flow is established and the numerical simulation of its planar contraction flow is conducted by using the penalty finite element method with a differential Phan‐Thien–Tanner constitutive model. The discrete elastic viscous split stress formulation in cooperating with the inconsistent streamline upwind scheme is employed to improve the computation stability. The distributions of velocity and stress obtained by simulation are compared with that of Quinzani's experimental results detected by laser–doppler velocimetry and flow‐induced birefringence technologies. It shows that the numerical results agree well with the experimental results. The numerical methods proposed in the study can be well used to predict complex flow patterns of viscoelastic fluids. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Generating functions for volume-preserving transformations

A general implicit solution for determining volume-preserving transformations in the n-dimensional Euclidean space is obtained in terms of a set of 2n generating functions in mixed coordinates. For n=2, the proposed representation corresponds to the classical definition of a potential stream function in a canonical transformation. For n=3, the given solution defines a more general class of isochoric transformations, when compared to existing methods based on multiple potentials. Illustrative examples are discussed both in rectangular and in cylindrical coordinates for applications in mechanical problems of incompressible continua. Solving exactly the incompressibility constraint, the proposed representation method is suitable for determining three-dimensional isochoric perturbations to be used in bifurcation theory. Applications in non-linear elasticity are envisaged for determining the occurrence of complex instability patterns for soft elastic materials.     

A stochastic model for microtubule length dynamics

In this paper, we use random walk theory to describe the length dynamics of microtubules, one of the principal components of the cytoskeleton. We present a simple two-state model (growing and shrinking) of microtubule length evolution that incorporates a variable rate of switching between the states. Using the generating function technique, we calculate the mean length of microtubule, its variance and diffusion coefficient. We also report analytical and computer simulation results for the mean number of positive monomers in microtubule, and find good qualitative agreement with experimental data.     

一类多输出函数研究

本文研究和讨论了作为多输出函数的N级模2~M背包变换平衡特性,给出了N级模2~M平衡背包变换的结构、计数和函数性质,指出了N级模2~M平衡背包变换本身作为密码变换函数存在着除了第M路外,所有各路的输出函数都是不完全函数的弱点,从而得出了背包变换是密码学弱函数的结论.     

Exact Solutions to Short Pulse Equation

In this paper, dependent and independent variable transformations are introduced to solve the short pulse equation. It is shown that different kinds of solutions can be obtained to the short pulse equation.     

Percentile residual life orders

In this paper we study a family of stochastic orders of random variables defined via the comparison of their percentile residual life functions. Some interpretations of these stochastic orders are given, and various properties of them are derived. The relationships to other stochastic orders are also studied. Finally, some applications in reliability theory and finance are described. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Classicalization times of parametrically amplified “Schrödinger cat” states coupled to phase-sensitive reservoirs

The exact Wigner function of a parametrically excited quantum oscillator in a phase-sensitive amplifying/attenuating reservoir is found for initial even/odd coherent states. Studying the evolution of negativity of the Wigner function we show the difference between the “initial positivization time” (IPT), which is inversely proportional to the square of the initial size of the superposition, and the “final positivization time” (FPT), which does not depend on this size. Both these times can be made arbitrarily long in maximally squeezed high-temperature reservoirs. Besides, we find the conditions when some (small) squeezing can exist even after the Wigner function becomes totally positive.