Dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the adsorption and relaxation of polyaniline chains during potentiodynamic redox transformations

A new approach to an equivalent circuit analysis of impedance spectra of a conducting polyaniline (PAni) layer is presented. Film properties are often modeled by constant-phase elements (CPE), which are closer to experimental results than capacitors. We want to take an insight into the CPE. We propose a novel equivalent circuit based on the Frumkin-Melik-Gaikazyan adsorption model, as we suppose that the PAni layer molecules may behave like other adsorbing and relaxing organic compounds. Measurements are performed using recently developed experimental technique—dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Obtained spectra are analyzed using the proposed equivalent circuits. Characteristics of several parameters are analyzed and discussed. Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 9, pp. 1111–1119. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

非线性动力学常微分方程组高精度数值积分方法

建立了一种求解非线性动力学常微分方程组初值问题的新方法．若非线性函数一阶导数存在，则给出解的积分方程表达式，计算得到按规定误差要求的高精度数值解．引入一般自治或非自治非线性系统的首次近似Jacobi矩阵，不作任何假设重构等价的非线性常微分方程组，简捷而有广泛的适应性，不改变方程的本质，但其主项构成线性化方程组，其它项则代表非线性函数高阶余项而不涉及Taylor级数展开计算，给出该方程组初值问题的Duhamel卷积分解析表达式，在时间步长内进行数值积分选代求解，在指定误差内快速收敛，逐步递推获得非线性常微分方程的瞬态响应和全时域高精度数值解．积分解连续满足微分方程组而不是在离散的步长端点上满足代数方程组，打破了传统用增量法在离散点上建立的代数方程组迭代求解，从而使传统Euler型逐步积分法的各种差分格式算法改变成真正的积分格式算法．数值计算中给出指数矩阵递增展开式，变矩阵乘法为乘积系数的加法，避免了大量矩阵自乘而大大提高计算效率．算法验证为无条件稳定，则保证对线性常微分方程而言，计算中舍入误差的传播不会扩散，不出现计算机字长有限而引起舍入误差导致计算不确定性问题．基于以上理论和数值方法，计算了线性非线性算例并进行了分析，验证了本方法简捷而有广泛的适应性，可以有足够的精确性．     

初弯曲纵横弯曲梁的等效载荷法及其应用

介绍一种求解初弯曲纵横弯曲梁的方法——等效载荷法,以及该方法在解决实际工程问题中的成功应用,为井下控制工具的研制和井眼轨道控制提供了理论依据．     

On the equivalence of the Wilson element and the generalized hybrid element

In this paper the equivalence of the generalized hybrid element and the modified Wilson element, which is derived by the generalized hybrid method, is proved. The project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

碱性介质中 (氢) 氧化铜修饰电极电催化氧化蔗糖

 A stable copper (hydr)oxide-modified electrode was prepared in 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution by cyclic voltammetry in the range of -250 to 1 000 mV. It can be used for electrochemical studies in the range of -250 to 1 000 mV without interfering peaks because there is no oxidation of copper. During an anodic potential sweep, the electro-oxidation of saccharose on Cu occurred by the formation of Cu^III and this reaction also occurred in the early stages of the reversed cycle until it is stopped by the negative potentials. A mechanism based on the electro-chemical generation of Cu^III active sites and their subsequent consumption by saccharose was proposed, and the rate law and kinetic parameters were obtained. The charge transfer resistance from theoretical and impedance studies was used to verify the mechanism. Under chronoamperometry regimes, the reaction followed Cottrellian behavior. The transfer of up to 21 electrons was observed in further investigations of the electro-oxidation of saccharose on a (hydr)oxide Cu rotating disk electrode.     

可见/红外宽光谱分色片偏振调控的设计

针对光学系统中可见/红外宽光谱分色片的偏振特性,采用诱导透射法设计了满足偏振遥感光学系统能量要求的可见/红外宽光谱分色片,并对其偏振特性进行了分析.通过计算获得了透射带400～900 nm可见/红外宽光谱分色片的偏振情况,采用等效层理论在其基底背面设计了偏振调控膜系,对分色片透射带的偏振度加以调控.使用needle优化...     

Synthesis and characterization of thermoluminescent Li2B4O7 nanophosphor

Lithium borate (Li₂B₄O₇) is a low Z_eff, tissue equivalent material that is commonly used for medical dosimetry using the thermoluminescence (TL) technique. Nanocrystals of lithium borate were synthesized by the combustion method for the first time in the laboratory. TL characteristics of the synthesized material were studied and compared with those of commercially available microcrystalline Li₂B₄O₇. The optimum pre-irradiation annealing condition was found to be 300 °C for 10 min and that of post-irradiation annealing was 300 °C for 30 min. The synthesized Li₂B₄O₇ nanophosphor has very poor sensitivity for low doses of gamma up to 10¹ Gy whereas from 10¹ to 4.5×10² Gy this phosphor exhibits a linear response and then from 4.5×10² to 10³ Gy it shows supralinearity. Thermoluminescence properties of Li₂B₄O₇ nanophosphor doped with Cu has also been investigated in this paper. It shows low fading and a linear response over a wide range of gamma radiation from 1×10² to 5×10³ Gy. Therefore the synthesized lithium borate nanophosphor doped with Cu may be used for high dose measurements of gamma radiations.     

一阶速度-应力Biot双相各向同性介质弹性波

提出一种等价的一阶双曲型速度一应力Biot双相各向同性介质弹性波波动方程,以实现双相介质混合波场中纯快慢纵波和纯横波波场分离的问题.应用散度和旋度理论证明双相介质等价方程波场分离的可行性,采用高阶交错网格有限差分法构建高精度正演算子,推导其PML吸收边界条件和稳定性条件,并对均匀双相介质和层状非均匀双相介质模型进行数值...     

基于压电探测判定激光支持燃烧波和爆轰波的点燃阈值

为了获得激光支持燃烧波和爆轰波的点燃阈值,采用压电探测器检测波长为1 064 nm的Nd:YAG激光作用在铝靶表面所产生的应变和冲压。从实验结果观察到压电信号的变化分为3个阶段,分别为光热弹性应变阶段、等离子体增强耦合阶段和激光支持爆轰波对靶表面的压力阶段,并从理论上研究了这3个阶段的激光与靶材料相互作用的机理,从而可以从压电信号是否发生跃变判断出激光支持燃烧波和激光支持爆轰波的点燃阈值,与其它方法所得到结果基本吻合。