Real-time acoustic classification of sperm whale clicks and shipping impulses from deep-sea observatories

The automated real-time detection and classification of cetacean and anthropogenic sounds from deep-sea observatories can play a key role to study cetaceans in the field, to quantify the impact of anthropogenic sounds or to initiate mitigation measures during potentially harmful human activities. In the area of the NEMO-ONDE deep-sea observatory, sperm whales are often present together with heavy shipping. The spatial coincidence of both sound sources allows for the long term monitoring of their interaction. Some ships produce impulsive sounds and the automated separation of these impulses from sperm whale clicks is not a trivial task. As part of a detection, classification and localisation system for acoustic data from marine observatories, we present four modules performing the automated real-time classification of clicks from sperm whales and impulsive sounds produced by ships. First, two modules detect segments that contain impulsive sounds within a specifiable frequency band and return the impulses’ positions. Then, two modules classify the detected impulses as sperm whale clicks or ship impulses. Finally, at the level of 22 s segments, the classification outputs from individual impulses are combined into a decision on the presence of sperm whale clicks or ship impulses. The modules’ reliability was tested on data from the NEMO-ONDE observatory. Training and testing data were separated by more than 2 months, enabling to assess the consistency of the predictions over the long term. The automated separation between segments of the two classes was high with area under the ROC curve (AUC) values between 0.94 and 0.98.     

Analysis of radiation environmental safety for China＇s Spallation Neutron Source （CSNS）

The China Spallation Neutron Source（CSNS） is going to be located in Dalang Town,Dongguan City in the Guangdong Province.In this paper we report the results of the parameters related with environment safety based on experiential calculations and Monte Carlo simulations.The main project of the accelerator is an under ground construction.On top there is a 0.5 m concrete and 5.0 m soil covering for shielding,which can reduce the dose out of the tunnel＇s top down to 0.2 μSv/h.For the residents on the boundary of the CSNS,the dose produced by skyshine,which is caused by the penetrated radiation leaking from the top of the accelerator,is no more than 0.68 μSv/a.When CSNS is operating normally,the maximal annual effective dose due to the emission of gas from the tunnel is 2.40×10-3 mSv/a to the public adult,and 2.29×10-3 mSv/a to a child,both values are two orders of magnitude less than the limiting value for control and management.CSNS may give rise to an activation of the soil and groundwater in the nearest tunnels,where the main productions are 3H,7Be,22Na,54Mn,etc.But the specific activity is less than the exempt specific activity in the national standard GB13376-92.So it is safe to say that the environmental impact caused by the activation of soil and groundwater is insignificant.To sum up,for CSNS,as a powerful neutron source device,driven by a highenergy high-current proton accelerator,a lot of potential factors affecting the environment exist.However,as long as effective shieldings for protection are adopted and strict rules are drafted,the environmental impact can be kept under control within the limits of the national standard.     

天空光光谱监测大气污染的参考光光谱研究

本文研究了利用天空光光谱反演大气成分的方法中,参考光谱对测量结果的影响。分析了中午的天顶光光谱、实时采集的天顶光光谱对信号的影响,提出了针对空间任意方向的大气污染(尤其局部的突发性污染),实时采集的低污染区天空光光谱是具体研究污染最合适的参考光谱。其结果为将该方法应用于监测大气环境提供了依据。     

空间相机中变形镜的结构设计

设计了一种适用于空间环境的变形镜装置,以校正高分辨率空间相机中大口径主反射镜的波像差.讨论了空间相机用变形镜的设计准则,确定了该变形镜的结构形式;给出了具体的结构组成和材料组合,并设计了柔性结构.仿真结果表明,该结构在z向重力工况下RMS值仅17.2nm,4℃温升时的RMS值仅为3.7nm,且一阶频率为1 015Hz,各模拟空间工况下的反射面经主动展平后,均可获得近似的标准平面;该结构能够较准确地拟合前36项泽尼克多项式所对应的基元波面,残留误差较小,不仅具有良好的力学性能和热稳定性,还能保证变形镜的像差校正能力得到充分发挥,从而满足空间相机的使用需求.     

玉米叶片重金属铅含量的SVD-ANFIS高光谱预测模型

重金属污染农作物后可通过食物链进入人体从而严重危害身体健康.如何快速准确地监测农作物中重金属含量已成为当今生态与粮食安全等领域的重要研究内容.常规的生化监测方法存在操作繁琐、过程长、具有破坏性等缺点,而高光谱遥感具有光谱分辨率高、信息量大、生化反演能力强、方便快捷、对监测对象无损伤等优势,因此利用高光谱遥感技术监测农作...     

绿色环保化学机械抛光液的研究进展

原子级加工制造是实现半导体晶圆原子尺度超光滑表面的有效途径.作为大尺寸高精密功能材料的原子级表面制造的重要加工手段之一,化学机械抛光(chemical mechanical polishing,CMP)凭借化学腐蚀和机械磨削的耦合协同作用,成为实现先进材料或器件超光滑无损伤表面平坦化加工的关键技术,在航空、航天、微电子等众多领域得到了广泛应用.然而,为了实现原子层级超滑表面的制备,CMP工艺中常采用的化学腐蚀和机械磨削方法需要使用具有强烈腐蚀性和高毒性的危险化学品,对生态系统产生了不可逆转的危害.因此,本文以绿色环保高性能抛光液作为对象,对加工原子量级表面所采用的化学添加剂进行分类总结,详尽分析在CMP过程中化学添加剂对材料表面性质调制的作用机理,为在原子级尺度下改善表面性质提供可参考的依据.最后,提出了CMP抛光液在原子级加工研究中面临的挑战,并对未来抛光液发展方向作出了展望,这对原子尺度表面精度的进一步提升具有深远的现实意义.     

地铁车辆段咽喉区上盖建筑振动影响

城区地铁车辆段进行上盖物业开发可节约、集约利用地铁用地,缓解城市土地资源稀缺问题。地铁车辆段特别是其咽喉区振动是上盖物业开发的环境制约因素。为研究地铁车辆段咽喉区对上盖建筑的振动影响,建立轨道-地基土-上盖建筑三维有限元模型,采用等效荷载法,将实地采样的钢轨铅垂向振动加速度转化为列车钢轨铅垂向振动线荷载,作用于轨道上。在结合实测数据验证模型合理性的基础上,定量研究上盖平台厚度和离地高度、上盖建筑层数和结构等因素对室内环境振动(铅垂向Z振级VL_Zmax)的影响。结果表明,地铁车辆段咽喉区对高层建筑的振动影响整体大于多层建筑;由于振动波在屋顶自由端发生反射并与入射波叠加,导致不同楼层楼板中央VL_Zmax随楼层升高略有增加;框架结构建筑室内VL_Zmax大于剪力墙结构;增加上盖平台厚度可减小建筑室内VL_Zmax;上盖建筑室内VL_Zmax随上盖平台离地高度增加而增加(即随建筑楼层绝对离地高度增加而增大)。研究结果可为地铁车辆段上盖物业开发振动污染防治提供理论和工程技术依据。     

Solar-microclimate study in urban areas

Summary A study on solar microclimates in eight medium and large European cities, supported by EEC from 1986 to 1988, could allow to mark the main resemblances and anomalies in the solar-radiation features in different geographical and climatic regions in Northern, Central and Southern Europe and also to achieve reliable estimates of available energy in thermal-conversion processes of solar radiation. This paper presents the results of an analysis of solar-radiation observations taken during the EEC study and discusses the main solar climatic peculiarities of the urban area of Turin (one of the eight cities involved in this project), comparing them to other European regions (south and north of Turin).     

考虑处置效果的苯系物泄露应急方案生成方法

针对苯系物泄露次生突发环境事件的应急响应问题,研究了基于案例推理和处置效果的应急方案生成方法。首先,在计算案例相似度时,为避免历史案例不全产生的情景要素遗失,基于随机森林算法,结合专家知识构建了权重求解方法,采用案例检索方法得到相似案例集;然后,构建了应急处置效果评估指标体系,以全面评价相似案例对应的处置效果;进一步,考虑多专家评价可弥补决策者知识、经验等的不足,引入了自适应群共识调整算法,得到群体评价意见,通过集结相似度与处置效果,得到了方案的综合评价值并生成最优方案;最后,用算例说明了方法的可行性和有效性。     

The 1/f noise in multiwalled carbon nanotubes

The $1/f$ noise in multiwalled carbon nanotubes bundles has been investigated between the frequency range of 0.1 to 30 Hz. At room temperature the noise spectrum is standard 1/f, and its level is proportional to the square of the bias voltage. With decreasing temperature the noise level also decreases. At 4.2 K the noise level follows a non-monotonic dependence against the bias voltage, showing a peak at a certain bias voltage, meanwhile its frequency dependence also deviates from the 1/f trend. This anomalous behaviour is discussed within the picture of environmental quantum fluctuation of charge transport in the samples.