From exaptation to radical niche construction in biological and technological complex systems

Biological adaptation assumes the evolution of structures toward better functions. Yet, the roots of adaptive trajectories usually entail subverted—perverted—structures, derived from a different function: what Gould and Vrba called “exaptation.” Generally, this derivation is regarded as contingent or serendipitous, but it also may have regularities, if not rules, in both biological evolution and technological innovation. On the basis of biological examples and examples from the history of technology, the authors demonstrate the centrality of exaptation for a modern understanding of niche, selection, and environment. In some cases, biological understanding illuminates technical exaptation. Thus, the driver of exaptation is not simply chance matching of function and form; it depends on particular, permissive contexts. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 18: 7–14, 2013     

New Opportunities for the Utilization of the Sulfoximine Group in Medicinal Chemistry from the Drug Designer's Perspective**

Extension of the medicinal chemistry toolbox is in the vital interest of drug designers. However, the diffusion of an innovation can be a lengthy process. Along these lines, it took almost 70 years before the use of the sulfoximine group reached a critical mass in medicinal chemistry. Even though interest in this versatile functional group has increased exponentially in recent years, there is ample room for further innovative applications. This Review highlights emerging trends and opportunities for drug designers for the utilization of the sulfoximine group in medicinal chemistry, such as in the construction of complex molecules, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and novel warheads for covalent inhibition.     

协同创新主体合作的演化博弈及政府干预的仿真

文章首先基于演化博弈理论,研究了无政府干预下协同创新主体采取合作策略的演化博弈规律;其次基于系统动力学理论,分析了政府干预下协同创新主体采取合作策略的演化博弈规律,并构建了系统动力学模型及运用Vensim软件作出了仿真分析。仿真发现,协同创新主体间的合作主要受政府惩罚力度、采取的惩罚机制以及创新主体采取投机行为所产生的生产成本的影响。因此,政府提高惩罚力度并采用动态惩罚机制,能促使协同创新主体更快地采取合作策略进行协同创新。     

基于MC-ZF-HD-DS的高端装备制造企业持续创新能力评价研究

为客观和准确地评价高端装备制造企业的持续创新能力,建立了高端装备制造企业持续创新能力评价指标体系,采用MC-ZF-HD-DS对具体的高端装备制造企业持续创新能力进行评价。通过模糊粗糙集法对高频海选评价指标进行筛选,采用极差最大化组合赋权法对已筛选出的指标体系进行赋权,运用灰色定权聚类对评价对象进行聚类,在此基础上,运用证据理论对聚类结果进行合成,形成最终评价结果,最后通过实证分析验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于TOPSIS思想的技术创新方案的Vague集评价方法及其应用

为了得到理想的技术创新选择方案,论文从技术创新的实际出发,从实力、潜力和外部环境三个角度选择了一组反映技术创新项目实际情况的评价指标。并借助Vague集理论,通过TOPSIS中正负理想解的思想定义了任意创新方案的评价指标值,运用Vague集理论中距离的概念构建了新的评价方法,进而得到了满意的评价结果。该方法一方面体现了Vague集理论描述不确定性问题的优点,另一方面借助TOPSIS思想满足了方案评价的基本准则。这一思想和方法的提出不仅为Vague集理论研究提供了新的应用领域,也为技术创新的研究提供了新的思路和方法。     

市场需求下产学研协同创新意愿的动态收益分配优化模型

产学研协同创新意愿高低关键在于合作收益的大小及分配,且这种大小和分配不是基于固定收益下不同贡献度的分配,而是将创新收益与产品市场表现挂钩,基于动态收益的分配.据此,构建了一个优化模型,分析市场需求(初始市场需求、未来市场需求)、收益分配、研发投入三种因素对协同创新意愿的影响.结果显示:一是企业收益分配比例受到未来市场需...     

CIMS环境下技术创新的组织

本文探讨了ＣＩＭＳ环境下企业技术创新的组织问题，提出了ＣＩＭＳ环境下技术创新的组织结构和组织形式，为ＣＩＭＳ环境下企业技术创新组织的重构提供了参考。     

企业技术创新能力指标体系的模糊理论综合评价

根据我国具有一定规模的企业创新状况 ,构建了企业技术创新能力的指标体系 .运用模糊数学方法 ,对企业技术创新能力进行综合评价 ,为客观评价、及时调整企业技术创新战略提供了客观依据 ,有利于提高企业的技术创新能力     

创新创业环境下本科生毕业论文指导的探索与体会

国家推动创新创业的时代大背景,对本科生毕业论文指导提出了比以往更高的期盼。论述了针对本科生毕业论文指导的7个方面的积极探索,以解决本科学生缺乏创新、动手能力差、分析能力欠缺、课本知识不会用、协同能力弱等问题。     

哈工大材料与化工(化学工程领域)专业硕士研究生培养的探索与实践

The status and main problems in the cultivation of master degree graduate training in materials and chemical engineering (chemical engineering field) of Harbin Institute of Technology were analyzed by applying the concept of engineering education paradigm. Combined with the professional directions of chemical engineering discipline in HIT, i.e. "one field" (new chemical material field) and "two industries" (electrochemical engineering and polymer material engineering), the revision of training program, the course constructions and the measures for engineering practice ability and innovation ability training were explored and practiced with the purpose of the cultivation of industry leaders and high-level talents in chemical engineering filed.