有机元素微量分析标准物质——茴香酸的研制

茴香酸的分子式为C_8H_8O_3,碳含量63.15%、氢含量5.30%、氧含量31.55%、甲氧基含量20.40%。该标样与日本元素分析恳谈会委员会、英国化学协会微量化学委员会所公布的微量化学标样之一——香草醛一样,都具有相同的碳、氢、氧和甲氧基含量,美国国家标准局(NBS)发行SRM142茴香酸作为微量分析中甲氧基的分析标样。     

Solar-Driven Artificial Carbon Cycle

Constituting the artificial carbon cycle,for example,through recycling CO₂ and converting CH₄ to value-added fuels and chemicals with solar energy,offers a sustainable future for humankind to tackle the global environmental issues and energy crisis.However,significant bottlenecks remain in such photocatalytic conversion,mainly related to the reaction activity and product selectivity.Herein,we share our efforts and systematic research progress on addressing the double bottlenecks for achieving solar-driven artificial carbon cycle,with specifically focusing on the photocatalytic CO₂ and CH₄ conversion.We further elucidate the common fundamentals behind various designed photocatalytic materials systems.Toward future development,we highlight the opportunities and challenges in the research field.     

高温固相法合成LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2及其性能研究

采用高温固相法合成出层状锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂。通过XRD、ICP、SEM和电化学测试手段对产物的结构、组成、形貌及电化学性能进行了研究。XRD结果表明此方法合成的LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂具有标准的α-NaFeO₂型层状结构，SEM照片显示颗粒粒径大约在500 nm左右，粒径分布较窄。以20 mA·g^-1电流密度放电，充放电电压在2.8～4.4 V之间，其首次放电比容量为170 mAh·g^-1，40次循环容量保持率为85.3%。进一步加入石墨导电剂后，同样条件下首次放电比容量变为179 mAh·g^-1，50次循环容量保持率为89.6%。容量衰减主要发生在前10次循环。XRD和SEM测试表明循环初期容量衰减的原因是由材料本体结构变化和界面反应共同作用的结果。     

Mechanical properties decay and morphological behaviour of biodegradable films for agricultural mulching in real scale experiment

The use of plastic materials in agriculture causes the serious drawback of huge quantities of waste. The introduction of biodegradable materials, which can be disposed directly into the soil, can be one possible solution to this problem. Biodegradable materials are actually innovative materials; therefore, their physical properties must be evaluated in relation to their functionality during the use in field. In the present research results of experimental tests carried out on biodegradable films used in strawberries protected cultivation are presented. The decay of some relevant physical parameters of biodegradable films during the cultivation period was monitored by laboratory tests (SEM analysis, mechanical tensile tests and infrared reflectance spectroscopy). Infrared spectroscopy clearly indicated that the mechanical degradation starts from the starch component of the material. Tensile tests showed that the value of elongation at break of biodegradable materials decreased in some cases by 300% after 10 days of field application.     

Normalized Dynamic Characterization and Application of Multiple Heat Storage Materials Based on Standard Thermal Resistance北大核心CSCD

基于标准热阻和能量流法,推导出储热材料与换热流体的瞬态换热热阻,通过类比电路分析法,获得了储热-换热过程的瞬态热量流模型及动态响应时间常数。进一步引入节点温度,重新定义换热热阻,获得了储热与换热过程耦合的三阶电路瞬态热量流模型,求解得到了加热、储热和释热三类时间常数,可用于协同表征储热材料中储热与释热的快慢程度,从而实现了多类储热材料的归一化动态表征。通过数值模拟验证与应用对比分析,发现基于多时间常数的归一化动态模型用于表征储热材料的动态特性是可行的,可直接对不同换热、储热材料进行对比分析。案例分析发现与固体储热材料换热时,液态金属的动态换热能力优于熔融盐,而相比于水蒸气和CO₂,空气与陶瓷材料换热能更快达到稳态。     

基于网格化管理视角下灾后应急物流决策模型与算法研究

灾害发生后,应急资源的需求预测与应急配送中心的合理选址是实现高效救援的关键。本文通过在网格化管理视角下的信息更新将应急救援过程划分为多个阶段,在开展救援的过程中实现救援信息收集和救援预测的同步开展,建立一种多阶段带时间约束的应急救援物资配送响应-时效性的选址模型。借助遗传算法(NSGA-II),实现了基于编码结构独立、路径相互关联基础上的多目标规划求解。本研究的决策模型及算法有着较好的搜索与寻优能力,对实际救援开展具有指导意义。     

Pattern-specific neural network design

We present evidence that the performance of the traditional fully connected Hopfield model can be dramatically improved by carefully selecting an information-specific connectivity structure, while the synaptic weights of the selected connections are the same as in the Hopfield model. Starting from a completely disconnected network we let genuine Hebbian synaptic connections grow, one by one, until a desired degree of stability is achieved. Neural pathways are thus fixed notbefore, butduring the learning phase.     

硅灰石矿物发光原料中Fe2+的去除与CaSiO3∶Eu3+的光谱特性

提出了用草酸．邻菲哕啉去除硅灰石中Fe^2 的方法，研究了浸取剂的浓度、浸取时间和温度等条件对Fe^2 的去除率的影响，在最佳的浸取条件下，Fe^2 的去除率达到98．35％。在去除猝灭剂后的硅灰石矿物中，掺加适量的稀土激活剂Eu^3 ，通过高温固相法制成荧光发光材料，发光强度明显提高，接近于化学试剂合成的发光材料。     

稀土高分子发光材料研究的新进展

介绍了稀土高分子发光材料的发光机理及其发展历程，对其合成方法以及研究方向进行了综述，着重阐述了掺杂型和键合型稀土高分子发光材料研究的最新进展，并对其发展方向和应用前景作了展望。     

煤的孔结构特征对水煤浆性质的影响

本文选用１７种不同变质程度的中国煤，详细研究了煤孔结构特征对煤浆性质的影响。发现煤孔体积通过影响煤在分散体系中的吸水性，从而影响煤之成浆性。但由于不同变质程度煤表面亲水性的显著差异，煤孔体积在影响煤成浆性的能力方面差别很大，这使得煤吸水性和浆体最高煤浓度与煤孔体积并不存在直接的相关性，而是取决于煤孔体积Ｖ和以煤－水接触角（θ）的余弦值表示的煤表面亲水性因子的乘积，即煤之有效孔体积：Ｖ×ｃｏｓ（θ／