Idle regulation in non-clairvoyant scheduling of parallel jobs

The optimization of parallel applications is difficult to achieve by classical optimization techniques because of their diversity and the variety of actual parallel and distributed platforms and/or environments. Adaptive algorithmic schemes, capable of dynamically changing the allocation of jobs during the execution to optimize global system behavior, are the best alternatives for solving this problem. In this paper, we focus on non-clairvoyant scheduling of parallel jobs with known resource requirements but unknown running times, with emphasis on the regulation of idle periods in the context of general list policies. We consider a new family of scheduling strategies based on two phases which successively combine sequential and parallel execution of jobs. We generalize known worst-case performance bounds by considering two extra parameters, in addition to the number of processors and maximum processor requirements considered in the literature, namely, job parallelization penalty and idle regulation factor. Furthermore, we prove that under certain conditions of idle regulation, the performance guarantee of parallel job scheduling in space-sharing mode can be improved.     

离散可激发介质中早期后去极化对螺旋波影响的数值研究

通过考虑某些不应态也可以被激发,在离散可激发介质Greenberg-Hasting模型中引入早期后去极化行为,研究了早期后去极化对螺旋波的影响.数值结果表明:在适当选择参数下,早期后去极化对螺旋波有很大影响,这些影响包括使螺旋波漫游、漂移和破碎,导致螺旋波波纹被扭曲和波臂粗细交替变化,以及导致螺旋波的周期在两个值之间交替变化,产生从稳定螺旋波到呼吸螺旋波和反螺旋波的相变等.当不应态的激发阈值很高时,早期后去极化对螺旋波没有影响.对发生上述现象作了简要的讨论.关键词：离散可激发介质螺旋波早期后去极化     

S波段微波热致超声成像系统研究

微波热致超声成像技术通过向物体发射微波脉冲, 导致物体吸收电磁波温度迅速升高, 产生瞬时压力波, 从而激发产生超声波信号, 通过传感器对产生的超声波信号进行采集并成像, 最终还原了反映物体吸收电磁波能量特性的图像, 由于此方法兼具了微波成像的高对比性和超声成像的高分辨率特点, 理论上验证了热声成像技术对早期乳腺肿瘤检测的可行性. 本实验兼顾系统成像深度和分辨率, 采用S波段的微波脉冲信号源对物体进行辐射, 利用圆形扫描方式对待测物体进行检测, 同时为了更好的验证成像性能, 本实验同时使用了肿瘤仿体及实际生物组织进行成像实验. 通过实验分析, 验证了该系统对肿瘤仿体和生物组织检测的有效性, 以及系统的高分辨率和高对比度特性, 为早期乳房肿瘤检测提供了进一步的理论支撑.     

“Can you help me count these pennies?”: Surfacing preschoolers’ understandings of counting

ABSTRACT

Capturing the breadth and variety of children’s understanding is critical if studies of children’s mathematical thinking are to inform policy and practice in early childhood education. This article presents an investigation of young children’s counting. Detailed coding and analyses of assessment interviews with 476 preschoolers revealed understandings that would be overlooked by solely assessing the accuracy of their responses. In particular, many children demonstrated understandings of counting principles on a challenging task that were not captured by other, simpler tasks. We conclude that common approaches to capturing young children’s mathematical understanding are likely underestimating their capabilities. This study contributes to researchers’ understanding of what making sense of counting looks and sounds like for preschool age children (3–5 years), the development and relations among counting principles (one-to-one, cardinal, and patterns of the number sequence), and the affordances of challenging, open-ended tasks. We close by considering the implications of recognizing and building from what children know and can do for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.     

A good foundation for number learning for five-year-olds? An evaluation of the English Early Learning ‘Numbers’ Goal in the light of research

This article sets out to evaluate the English Early Years Foundation Stage Goal for Numbers, in relation to research evidence. The Goal, which sets out to provide ‘a good foundation in mathematics’, has greater breadth of content and higher levels of difficulty than previous versions. Research suggests that the additional expectations are unachievable by the majority of rising fives, but that a more effective foundation to ensure progress and prevent later difficulties would prioritise number sense with numbers to 10, including subitising, numeral comprehension, relative number size, one more/less than and part–whole relationships.     

危岩体崩塌灾害监测预警试验研究

岩体崩塌破坏的突发性使其成为最难预防的地质灾害之一, 严重威胁人类的生命财产安全. 边坡岩块体崩塌破坏多是系统不稳定导致的动力破坏, 因此应用动力学指标进行监测预警更为有效. 本研究通过引入多种时域动力学监测指标, 开展了岩体崩塌破坏全过程的监测预警实验研究. 通过振动幅值、峭度指标等时域动力学指标监测, 可有效识别岩体分离破坏前兆现象, 提前55 s实现岩块体崩塌的早期预警. 多个时域动力学指标均可识别岩体破坏前的非协调性动力特征, 其中变异系数在识别这一振荡特征上优势明显, 可通过识别这一震荡特征实现崩塌灾害的早期预警. 此外, 破坏前岩体的振动速度是稳定岩体的2.1倍, 岩体破坏发生时刻赋存较大的冲击能量, 是岩体启程剧动的主要原因之一, 可通过综合分析峭度指标等时域动力学指标, 实现分离破坏前兆更为合理的判识. 本研究不仅为岩体崩塌灾害早期预警提供了新的数据与技术方法支持, 也为崩塌岩体启程剧动机制与破坏后运动特性研究提供了新的启示.     

基于数字图像相关技术的轻骨料混凝土早龄期细观收缩实验研究

利用数字图像相关(Digital Image Correlation, DIC)技术,对早龄期轻骨料混凝土(Lightweight Aggregate Concrete, LWAC)在细观层面上的收缩现象开展实验研究,以探索其早龄期的收缩变形规律。具体实验方法为,在3种不同的水灰比条件下,分别比较骨料是否预湿对收缩变形的影响;使用DIC技术对LWAC的收缩变形进行观测,获得LWAC表面早龄期全场应变的演变过程。结果表明,预湿处理能够对轻骨料产生内养护的作用,从而减少混凝土早龄期的收缩变形;随着水灰比的增大,内养护的效果并不会随之增强,而是表现出先升后降的趋势,在水灰比为0.40时内养护效果最佳;在早龄期骨料与砂浆两部分的最小主应变没有表现出始终一致的变化趋势,而是在一定时间段内相互背离。     

族以人重：明清之际魏塘钱氏的家族网络与政治变动

晚明江南地方社会的发展进程中,地方上势家大族起了很多积极作用。通过这些大族地方生活的轨迹,可以知晓其最重要的姻亲网络及核心家族间的链接关系。在浙江嘉善县,堪称权势阶层主流的钱氏等家族,对国家保持着高度忠诚,没有在地方上发展为垄断州县行政的“宗族社会”。在清兵南下后,这些大族的变化与家族成员的人生遭际,呈现出比较复杂的样态,也折射出王朝统治变化进程中地方的政治脉动和士人的家国情怀。从钱氏族人的生死往事、已逝的生活世界,可以探求和理解明清之际士人生活的状态及其生存之道,他们处于交互编织的网络中,既包括社会身份,也包括本土秩序,形塑了地方社会形态,影响了地方历史的主流变化。钱家在长期的发展过程中,已构造出了相对稳定的生活方式、丰富的家族遗产、接近一致的信仰以及大族共有的文化氛围。在以亲属关系为基础的社会结构中,钱家的那些代表人物,渗透至社会与文化生活的各个方面,都有所谓“链接性角色”的作用,建立起一种无限复杂的“微权力”网络。因此也可以解释,在一个具体的生活环境与地域社会中,因为有了这样具有“结构”性力量的社会阶层存在,晚明以来足以表现地方的人物,就是那样一些官绅士人而非其他的原因。