Thermal noise limit in measuring the gravitational constant G using the angular acceleration method and the dynamic deflection method

A general comparison is made between two methods of measuring the gravitational constant G. The angular acceleration method can avoid the anelasticity effect since the torsion fiber is not twisted. The dynamic deflection method is similar in principle but it does not use feedback, therefore a major noise introduced by the feedback control system in the angular acceleration method can be avoided. Both methods have their advantages and can be performed with the same device. Based on different expressions of G, we have expressed the signal-to-noise ratio and calculated the thermal noise limit for both methods. In order to get a lower thermal noise limit, the dynamic deflection method should avoid resonance.     

用数码相机实现未琅禾费衍射测量细丝直径

介绍利用激光获得丝夫琅禾费衍射图样，并采用数码相机实现计算机辅助非接触自动测量细丝直径的方法，以及将其用于设计性实验的尝试。     

The Formation of Porous Membranes by Filtration of Aerosol Nanoparticles

Flame-generated aerosol particles of Al₂O₃ were deposited by gas filtration on two types of porous and ceramic tubes of -Al₂O₃ with mean pore diameters of 450 and 2700nm, respectively. The particles were aggregates with average mobility diameters in the range of 30–100nm and primary particle diameters of 4–8nm. The particles are characterized by differential mobility analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and by their specific surface area. The deposited membranes are characterized by gas permeability measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and by their pore size distribution from nitrogen capillary condensation. The particles form a distinct, homogeneous membrane layer with a porosity of 90% on top of the substrate surface and only penetrate slightly into the substrate structure. The mean pore sizes of the deposited membranes determined by nitrogen condensation agree approximately with those determined by gas permeation and the specific surface area. The mean pore diameter varies in the range of 30–70nm. The gas permeability of the deposited membranes is related to the specific surface area but influenced by the high porosity. The mean pore size and the permeability of the membranes are almost independent of the substrate structure.The development of a membrane with uniform properties is preceded by a short initial period in which the deposited particles, with an equivalent membrane thickness of roughly 2m, have a significantly lower permeability than the ultimately developed uniform membrane layer. This effect is particularly significant for the aerosol particles with the lowest mean size, probably due to particles deposited in the pore mouths of the substrate.The particles and the deposited membranes are X-ray amorphous but retain their specific surface area on heating to even high temperatures. When the membranes are heated to 1473K for 10h, X-ray diffraction shows a mixture of - and -alumina, accompanied by a partial disintegration of the membrane and a considerable loss of surface area.     

单光束互相关法测量高浓度纳米颗粒粒径

针对光子相关光谱法不能测量高浓度纳米颗粒粒径和双光束互相关测量法装置结构过于复杂等问题,提出了一种基于范西特-泽尼克定理的单光束互相关法。首先分析了传统双光束互相关法存在的问题,然后根据范西特-泽尼克定理建立了单光束互相关测量法的模型,设计完成了单光束互相关颗粒粒度测量装置,最后对各种浓度不同粒径的颗粒进行了测量。实验证明,单光束互相关法能有效抑制多重散射的影响,适用于测量高浓度纳米颗粒粒径。     

高温、高压、高应变速率动态过程晶体塑性有限元理论模型及其应用

对于高温、高压、高应变速率加载条件下的材料冲击变形行为,动态晶体塑性模型能够直接反映晶体中塑性滑移的各向异性及其对温度、压力和微观组织结构的依赖性,因而广泛应用于材料的动态冲击力学响应、微观结构演化以及动态损伤破坏的模拟。本文综述了高压冲击下动态晶体塑性有限元的理论模型,主要包括变形运动学、包含状态方程的超弹性本构模型和晶体塑性本构模型,涉及位错滑移、相变、孪生等塑性变形机制,以及层裂、绝热剪切带等动态破坏方式。     

CH4/空气简化动力学机理数值验证

选择绕圆柱预混燃烧算例，验证CH₄/空气三种简化动力学机理（16s41r、15s19r和53s325r）.考虑均匀来流，忽略湍流和湍流与燃烧相互作用以及燃料扩散效应，假设层流有限反应速率，采用保自由流5阶WENO格式求解多组分Euler方程组，得到CH₄/空气预混燃烧流场温度等值线、沿驻点线压力和温度及其CH₄、CO和CO₂质量百分数分布.结果表明：三种简化动力学机理给出的流场均出现弓形激波和火焰面，弓形激波和火焰驻点距离及其形状、诱导区宽度和简化动力学机理相关.当圆柱直径增大，弓形激波和火焰向圆柱上游移动，对应的驻点距离均增大，诱导区宽度变短，点火延时变小，但火焰和弓形激波位置次序未变化.53s325r模型要比16s41r模型和15s19r模型精度要高，点火延时覆盖的压力和温度范围也较宽，所有简化机理均未完全反应，在较大圆柱直径下游达到化学平衡.     

相位可控的核四极矩共振激励脉冲发生器设计

在核四极矩共振（NQR）领域,射频激励脉冲信号的优劣对NQR响应信号有重要影响.针对常规方法中射频激励脉冲参数不可控的问题,本文基于32位闪存微型控制器STM32和直接数字频率合成（DDS）芯片AD9910设计了一种相位可控激励脉冲发生器.采用STM32控制AD9910产生波形参数（脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔、脉冲个数和共振频率等）可控的射频激励脉冲,利用LabVIEW软件平台设计脉冲参数设置界面,并建立计算机与微控制器通信,实现波形参数的精确优化控制.实验结果表明,该方法实现了相位可控的NQR激励脉冲序列,可为后续NQR信号检测提供有效激励源.     

基于MATLAB软件对不同偏振光在不同介质中的传播过程的动态模拟

利用MATLAB软件对不同偏振光在真空、各向同性介质、线型各向异性介质以及圆型各向异性介质中的传播过程进行了三维动态模拟,能够加深学生对光的偏振概念以及各种偏振光与不同介质之间相互作用原理的理解。     

利用DSP底层结构提高MPEG-4编码的实时性

由于利用TMS320C6000系列的DSP底层结构可以提高图像压缩的实时性,本文在TMS320C6416平台上针对DSP底层结构对MPEG-4视频编码进行了优化,包括对8个运算单元能并行执行的特性进行汇编。针对DSP芯片两级高速缓存的工作特点,对编码器中代码和数据所占用的内存空间进行优化。利用EDMA级联特性在内存开辟双缓冲区,同时完成视频数据编码和传输的工作,从而有效地改善编码效率。实验结果表明：该编码器可以对512 pixel×512 pixel大小的灰度图像,以30 frame/s帧频进行压缩,实现了对视频图像的实时编码。     

Investigation into the rotational bands of ~(185)Pt with the particle-rotor model

Theoretical calculations have been performed for the ν9/2+[624](i13/2) and ν7/2-[503](f7/2) bands of 185Pt in the framework of particle-rotor model. The band properties of signature splitting and configuration mixing have been analyzed. The level energy and signature splitting before the band crossing can be well interpreted by introducing triaxiality. The positive-parity yrast band is pro posed to be dominated by the ν9/2+[624](i13/2) component, while the negative-parity band shows strong mixing of ν7/2-[5...