全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6695篇 |
免费 | 949篇 |
国内免费 | 525篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1914篇 |
晶体学 | 21篇 |
力学 | 2427篇 |
综合类 | 163篇 |
数学 | 1727篇 |
物理学 | 1917篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 25篇 |
2023年 | 78篇 |
2022年 | 213篇 |
2021年 | 197篇 |
2020年 | 271篇 |
2019年 | 201篇 |
2018年 | 223篇 |
2017年 | 263篇 |
2016年 | 305篇 |
2015年 | 251篇 |
2014年 | 271篇 |
2013年 | 538篇 |
2012年 | 360篇 |
2011年 | 350篇 |
2010年 | 279篇 |
2009年 | 290篇 |
2008年 | 306篇 |
2007年 | 316篇 |
2006年 | 363篇 |
2005年 | 320篇 |
2004年 | 295篇 |
2003年 | 305篇 |
2002年 | 229篇 |
2001年 | 215篇 |
2000年 | 232篇 |
1999年 | 193篇 |
1998年 | 162篇 |
1997年 | 142篇 |
1996年 | 148篇 |
1995年 | 123篇 |
1994年 | 101篇 |
1993年 | 88篇 |
1992年 | 82篇 |
1991年 | 66篇 |
1990年 | 66篇 |
1989年 | 38篇 |
1988年 | 54篇 |
1987年 | 34篇 |
1986年 | 22篇 |
1985年 | 28篇 |
1984年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 27篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1957年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有8169条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
红外动态图像生成技术概念研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
红外动态图像生成技术的基本概念包括基本术语及其定义。为了描述红外动态图像生成技术的特性,通常采用如光源类型、光谱波段、阵列规模、空间分辨率、填充因子、时间常数、帧频、闪烁、温度范围、串扰、均匀性、发射率、辐射对比度、动态范围、温度分辨率、调制传递函数、几何畸变及最大温度和最大辐射强度等概念。介绍了描述红外动态图像生成系统性能的基本概念的定义。转换器的指标定义对于转换器的设计和性能指标的测试都有重要的意义。 相似文献
22.
Xiao Huang Bishwa Ranjan Nayak Tao Lu Lowe 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(20):5054-5066
A series of novel multifunctional hydrogels that combined the merits of both thermoresponsive and biodegradable polymeric materials were designed, synthesized, and characterized. The hydrogels were copolymeric networks composed of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) as a thermoresponsive component, poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) as a hydrolytically degradable and hydrophobic component, and dextran as an enzymatically degradable and hydrophilic component. The chemical structures of the hydrogels were characterized by an attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) technique. The hydrogels were thermoresponsive, showing a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at approximately 32 °C, and their swelling properties strongly depended on temperature changes, the balance of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic components, and the degradation of the PLLA component. The degradation of the hydrogels caused by hydrolytic cleavage of ester bonds in the PLLA component was faster at 25 °C below the LCST than at 37 °C above the LCST, determined by the ATR–FTIR technique. Due to their multifunctional properties, the designed hydrogels show great potential for biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5054–5066, 2004 相似文献
23.
J.-Q. Shen H.-Y. Zhu P. Chen 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2003,23(2):305-313
There exist a number of typical and interesting systems and/or models, which possess three-generator Lie-algebraic structure,
in atomic physics, quantum optics, nuclear physics and laser physics. The well-known fact that all simple 3-generator algebras
are either isomorphic to the algebra sl (2, C) or to one of its real forms enables us to treat these time-dependent quantum systems in a unified way. By making use of
both the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory and the invariant-related unitary transformation formulation, the present paper
obtains exact solutions of the time-dependent Schr?dinger equations governing various three-generator Lie-algebraic quantum
systems. For some quantum systems whose time-dependent Hamiltonians have no quasialgebraic structures, it is shown that the exact solutions can also be obtained by working in a
sub-Hilbert-space corresponding to a particular eigenvalue of the conserved generator (i.e., the time-independent invariant that commutes with the time-dependent Hamiltonian). The topological property of geometric phase factors and its adiabatic limit in time-dependent systems is briefly
discussed.
Received 6 July 2002 / Received in final form 21 October 2002 Published online 11 February 2003 相似文献
24.
Mooson Kwauk 《中国颗粒学报》2004,(1)
IntroductionInmaterialscience,differentmicrostructuresofthesamematerialsmayinducediversebehaviorsanddifferentcharacteristics.Westwood(1988)showed,asanexample,thatthetreatmentofaluminumsurfacewithcommercialphosphoricacidproducedmechanicallyinterlockedoxide搘hiskers?approximately10nmindiameterand400nminlength,whichmechanicallyinterlocked.Thismicro-structurecankeepsuchaconglomeratebondedoverconsiderablerangesofstressandtemperature.Inahumidatmosphere,especiallythatcontainingchlorine,however,suchox… 相似文献
25.
Subgame consistency is a fundamental element in the solution of cooperative stochastic differential games. In particular, it ensures that: (i) the extension of the solution policy to a later starting time and to any possible state brought about by the prior optimal behavior of the players would remain optimal; (ii) all players do not have incentive to deviate from the initial plan. In this paper, we develop a mechanism for the derivation of the payoff distribution procedures of subgame consistent solutions in stochastic differential games with transferable payoffs. The payoff distribution procedure of the subgame consistent solution can be identified analytically under different optimality principles. Demonstration of the use of the technique for specific optimality principles is shown with an explicitly solvable game. For the first time, analytically tractable solutions of cooperative stochastic differential games with subgame consistency are derived. 相似文献
26.
27.
This paper studies a supply chain consisting of two suppliers and one retailer in a spot market, where the retailer uses the
newsvendor solution as its purchase policy, and suppliers compete for the retailer’s purchase. Since each supplier’s bidding
strategy affects the other’s profit, a game theory approach is used to identify optimal bidding strategies. We prove the existence
and uniqueness of a Nash solution. It is also shown that the competition between the supplier leads to a lower market clearing
price, and as a result, the retailer benefits from it. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the obtained results by
deriving optimal bidding strategies for power generator plants in the deregulated California energy market.
Supported in part by RGC (Hong Kong) Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CUHK4167/04E and CUHK4239/03E), a Distinguished
Young Investigator Grant from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China, and a grant from Hundred Talents Program
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
28.
Dynamic systems described by nonlinear differential equations of the second order are studied. It is assumed that certain
preliminary information on the dissipative or elastic characteristics of systems is known. A new approach is demonstrated
to obtaining full information on unknown or partially known characteristics of a system from measurements of not only displacements
but also velocities and accelerations
__________
Published in Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 139–143, June 2005. 相似文献
29.
The addition of the additives to the lubricant oil to enhance the characteristics of the lubricant will influence the performance of the bearings. Based on the theory of micropolar fluids, the tribological characteristics of a dynamically-loaded journal bearing are numerically studied. Comparisons are made between the Newtonian fluids and the micropolar fluids. It is shown that for a dynamically-loaded journal bearing, the micropolar fluids yield an increase not only in the friction force, but also in the friction coefficient. In addition, the oil film pressure and the oil film thickness are obviously higher than that of Newtonian fluids. 相似文献
30.
X射线衍射摇摆曲线的计算机模拟是一种获得材料晶体质量参量的有效方法,其中材料本征摇摆曲线的计算是计算机模拟的基础。用X射线动力学理论计算了Hg1-xCdxTe和Cd1-zZnzTe本征反射率曲线,并研究了组分、膜厚分别对本征反射率和半峰全宽的影响。结果表明Hg1-xCdxTe和Cd1-zZnzTe的本征反射率和半峰全宽与材料组分和厚度有明显的依赖关系,且该依赖关系取决于X射线在材料中的散射和吸收的相对强弱。薄膜的厚度也是直接影响本征摇摆曲线峰形、半峰全宽和反射率的重要因素,当薄膜厚度小于穿透深度时,表征本征反射率曲线的各个参量均与薄膜厚度有直接的关系。对于(333)衍射面,碲镉汞材料厚度大于7μm后,本征反射率和半峰全宽将不再发生明显变化。 相似文献